Abstract
The zodiacal-light photometers on the twin Helios spacecraft, the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) on the Coriolis spacecraft, and the Heliospheric Imagers (HIs) on the Solar-TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) twin spacecraft all point the way to optimizing future remote-sensing Thomson-scattering observations from deep space. Such data could be provided by wide-angle viewing instruments on Solar Orbiter, Solar Probe, or other deep-space probes. Here, we present instrument specifications required for a successful heliospheric imager, and the measurements and data-processing steps that make the best use of this remote-sensing system. When this type of instrument is properly designed and calibrated, its data are capable of determining zodiacal-dust properties, and of three-dimensional reconstructions of heliospheric electron density over large volumes of the inner heliosphere. Such systems can measure fundamental properties of the inner heliospheric plasma, provide context for the in-situ monitors on board spacecraft, and enable physics-based analyses of this important segment of the Sun-spacecraft connection.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Ananthakrishnan, S., Coles, W.A., Kaufman, J.J.: 1980, J. Geophys. Res. 85, 6025.
Asai, K., Kojima, M., Tokumaru, M., Yokobe, A., Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.P., Manoharan, P.K.: 1998, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 1991.
Behannon, K.W., Burlaga, L.F., Hewish, A.: 1991, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 21,213.
Billings, D.E.: 1966, A Guide to the Solar Corona, Academic Press, New York.
Bisi, M.M., Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.P., Buffington, A., Clover, J.M.: 2007, Adv. Geosci. 14, 161.
Bisi, M.M., Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.P., Buffington, A., Odstrcil, D., Clover, J.M.: 2008a, J. Geophys. Res. 113, A00A11.
Bisi, M.M., Jackson, B.V., Buffington, A., Hick, P.P., Manoharan, P.K., Clover, J.M.: 2008b, Adv. Geosci. 21, 33.
Bisi, M.M., Jackson, B.V., Buffington, A., Clover, J.M., Hick, P.P., Tokumaru, M.: 2009a, Solar Phys. 256, 201.
Bisi, M.M., Jackson, B.V., Clover, J.M., Manoharan, P.K., Tokumaru, M., Hick, P.P., Buffington, A.: 2009b, Ann. Geophys. 27, 4479.
Brueckner, G.E., Howard, R.A., Koomen, M.J., Korendyke, C.M., Michels, D.J., Moses, J.D., Socker, D.G., Dere, K.P., Lamy, P.L., Llebaria, A., Bout, M.V., Schwenn, R., Simnett, G.M., Bedford, D.K., Eyles, C.J.: 1995, Solar Phys. 162, 357.
Buffington, A.: 1998, Appl. Opt. 37, 4284.
Buffington, A.: 2000, Appl. Opt. 39, 2683.
Buffington, A., Jackson, B.V., Korendyke, C.M.: 1996, Appl. Opt. 35, 6669.
Buffington, A., Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.P.: 2003, Proc. SPIE 4853, 490.
Buffington, A., Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.P.: 2005, Proc. SPIE 5901, 590118,1.
Buffington, A., Hick, P., Jackson, B.V., Korendyke, C.M.: 1998, Proc. SPIE 3442, 77.
Buffington, A., Band, D.L., Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.P., Smith, A.C.: 2006, Astrophys. J. 637, 880.
Buffington, A., Morrill, J.S., Hick, P.P., Howard, R.A., Jackson, B.V., Webb, D.F.: 2007, Proc. SPIE 6689, 66890B,1.
Buffington, A., Bisi, M.M., Clover, J.M., Hick, P.P., Jackson, B.V., Kuchar, T.A.: 2008, Astrophys. J. 677, 798.
Buffington, A., Bisi, M.M., Clover, J.M., Hick, P.P., Jackson, B.V., Kuchar, T.A., Price, S.D.: 2009a, Icarus 203, 124.
Buffington, A., Bach, K.G., Bach, B.W., Bach, E.K., Bisi, M.M., Hick, P.P., Jackson, B.V., Klupar, P.D.: 2009b, Proc. SPIE 7438, 74380O.
Cox, A.N.: 2000, Allen’s Astrophysical Quantities, 4th edn. AIP Press, New York.
Davis, C.J., Davies, J.A., Lockwood, M., Rouillard, A.P., Eyles, C.J., Harrison, R.A.: 2009, Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, 08102.
Dressler, R., Goldstein, N.: 2010, AFRL Technical Report AFRL-RV-HA-TR-2010, in press.
Eyles, C.J., Simnett, G.M., Cooke, M.P., Jackson, B.V., Buffington, A., Hick, P.P., Waltham, N.R., King, J.M., Anderson, P.A., Holladay, P.E.: 2003, Solar Phys. 217, 319.
Eyles, C.J., Harrison, R.A., Davis, C.J., Waltham, N.R., Shaughnessy, B.M., Mapson-Menard, H.C.A., Bewsher, D., Crothers, S.R., Davies, J.A., Simnett, G.M., Howard, R.A., Moses, J.D., Newmark, J.S., Socker, D.G., Halain, J.P., Defise, J.M., Mazy, E., Rochus, P.: 2009, Solar Phys. 254, 387.
Fry, C.D., Dryer, M., Smith, Z., Sun, W., Deehr, C.S., Akasofu, S.-I.: 2003, J. Geophys. Res. 108(A2), 1070.
Gapper, G.R., Hewish, A., Purvis, A., Duffett-Smith, P.J.: 1982, Nature 296, 633.
Hansen, R.T., Garcia, C.J., Grognard, R.R.-M., Sheridan, K.V.: 1971, Proc. Astron. Soc. Austr. 2(1), 57.
Hansen, R., Garcia, C.J., Hansen, S.F., Yasukawa, E.: 1974, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 86, 500.
Harrison, R.A., Davis, C.J., Eyles, C.J., Bewsher, D., Crothers, S., Davies, J.A., Howard, R.A., Moses, D.J., Socker, D.G., Halain, J.-P., Defise, J.-M., Mazy, E., Rochus, P., Webb, D.F., Simnett, G.M.: 2008, Solar Phys. 247, 171.
Harrison, R.A., Davies, J.A., Roulliard, A.P., Davis, C.J., Eyles, C.J., Bewsher, D., Crothers, S.R., Howard, R.A., Sheeley, N.R., Vourlidas, A., Webb, D., Brown, D.S., Dorrian, G.: 2009, Solar Phys. 256, 219.
Hewish, A., Bravo, S.: 1986, Solar Phys. 106, 185.
Hewish, A., Scott, P.F., Wills, D.: 1964, Nature 203, 1214.
Houminer, Z.: 1971, Nature Phys. Sci. 231, 165.
Howard, T.A., Tappin, S.J.: 2009, Space Sci. Rev. 147, 31.
Howard, R.A., Moses, J.D., Vourlidas, A., Newmark, J.S., Socker, D.G., Plunkett, S.P., Korendyke, C.M., Cook, J.W., Hurley, A., Davila, J.M., Thompson, W.T., St. Cyr, O.C., Mentzell, E., Mehalick, K., Lemen, J.R., Wuelser, J.P., Duncan, D.W., Tarbell, T.D., Wolfson, C.J., Moore, A., Harrison, R.A., Waltham, N.R., Lang, J., Davister, C., Eyles, C.J., Mapson-Menard, H., Simnett, G.M., Halain, J.P., Defise, J.M., Mazy, E., Rochus, P., Mercier, R., Ravet, M.F., Delmotte, F., Auchere, F., Delaboudinière, J.-P., Bothmer, V., Deutsch, W., Wang, D., Richel, N., Cooper, S., Stephens, V., Maahs, G., Baugh, R., Mcmullin, D., Carter, T.: 2008, Space Sci. Rev. 136, 67.
Jackson, B.V.: 1985a, Solar Phys. 95, 363.
Jackson, B.V.: 1985b, Solar Phys. 100, 563.
Jackson, B.V.: 1991, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 11,307.
Jackson, B.V., Leinert, C.: 1985, J. Geophys. Res. 90, 10,759.
Jackson, B.V., Froehling, H.R.: 1995, Astron. Astrophys. 299, 885.
Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.P.: 2002, Solar Phys. 211, 344.
Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.P.: 2005, In: Gary, D.G., Keller, C.U. (eds.) Solar and Space Weather Radiophysics: Current Status and Future Developments, Astrophys. Space Scien. Lib. 314, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, 355.
Jackson, B.V., Rompolt, B., Švestka, Z.: 1988, Solar Phys. 115, 327.
Jackson, B.V., Buffington, A., Hick, P.P.: 2001, In: Marsch, E., Marinez Pillet, V., Fleck, B., Marsden, R. (eds.) Solar Encounter: the First Solar Orbiter Workshop SP-493, ESA, Noordwijk, 251.
Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.P., Buffington, A.: 2002, Proc. SPIE, Waikoloa 4853, 23.
Jackson, B.V., Howard, R.A., Sheeley, N.R., Jr., Michels, D.J., Koomen, M.J., Illing, R.M.E.: 1985, J. Geophys. Res. 90, 5075.
Jackson, B.V., Hudson, H.S., Nichols, J.D., Gold, R.E.: 1989, In: Waite, J.H., Jr., Burch, J.L., Moore, R.L. (eds.) Solar System Plasma Physics, Geophysical Monograph 54, 291.
Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.L., Kojima, M., Yokobe, A.: 1998, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 12,049.
Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.P., Buffington, A., Kojima, M., Tokumaru, M., Fujiki, K., Ohmi, T., Yamashita, M.: 2003, In: Velli, M., Bruno, R., Marara, F. (eds.) Proc. Solar Wind X, AIP Conference Proc. 679, 75.
Jackson, B.V., Buffington, A., Hick, P.P., Altrock, R.C., Figueroa, S., Holladay, P.E., Johnston, J.C., Kahler, S.W., Mozer, J.B., Price, S., Radick, R.R., Sagalyn, R., Sinclair, D., Simnett, G.M., Eyles, C.J., Cooke, M.P., Tappin, S.J., Kuchar, T., Mizuno, D., Webb, D.F., Anderson, P.A., Keil, S.L., Gold, R.E., Waltham, N.R.: 2004, Solar Phys. 225, 177.
Jackson, B.V., Buffington, A., Hick, P.P., Wang, X., Webb, D.: 2006, J. Geophys. Res. 111, A04S91.
Jackson, B.V., Boyer, J.A., Hick, P.P., Buffington, A., Bisi, M.M., Crider, D.H.: 2007, Solar Phys. 241(2), 385.
Jackson, B.V., Bisi, M.M., Hick, P.P., Buffington, A., Clover, J.M., Sun, W.: 2008a, J. Geophys. Res. 113, A00A15.
Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.P., Buffington, A., Bisi, M.M., Clover, J.M., Tokumaru, M.: 2008b, Adv. Geosci. 21, 339.
Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.P., Buffington, A., Bisi, M.M., Clover, J.M.: 2009, Ann. Geophys. 27, 4097.
Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.P., Buffington, A., Bisi, M.M., Clover, J.M., Tokumaru, M., Fujiki, K.: 2010, In: Maksimovic, M., Issautier, K., Meyer-Vernet, N., Moncuquet, M., Pantellini, F. (eds.) Proc. Solar Wind 12, AIP. Conf. Proc. 1216, 659.
Jensen, E.A., Bisi, M.M., Mulligan, T.L., Clover, J.M., Hick, P.P., Jackson, B.V.: 2010, Solar Phys., this issue. doi: 10.1007/s11207-010-9543-2 .
Kaiser, M.L., Kucera, T.A., Davila, J.M., St. Cyr, O.C., Guhathakurta, M., Christian, E.: 2008, Space Sci. Rev. 136, 5.
Kojima, M., Tokumaru, M., Watanabe, H., Yokobe, A., Asai, K., Jackson, B.V., Hick, P.L.: 1998, J. Geophys. Res. 103, 1981.
Koomen, M.J., Detwiler, C.R., Brueckner, G.E., Cooper, H.W., Tousey, R.: 1975, Appl. Opt. 14, 743.
Leinert, C., Klüppelberg, D.: 1974, Appl. Opt. 13, 556.
Leinert, C., Pitz, E.: 1989, Astron. Astrophys. 210, 399.
Leinert, C., Richter, I., Planck, B.: 1982, Astron. Astrophys. 110, 111.
Leinert, C., Link, H., Pitz, E., Salm, N., Klüppelberg, D.: 1975, Raumfahartforschung 19, 264.
Leinert, C., Pitz, E., Link, H., Salm, N.: 1981, J. Space Sci. Instrum. 5, 257.
Lugaz, N., Vourlidas, A., Roussev, I.I., Jacobs, C., Manchester IV, W.B., Cohen, O.: 2008, Astrophys. J. Lett. 684, 111.
Liu, Y., Davies, J.A., Luhmann, J.G., Vourlidas, A., Bale, S.D., Lin, R.P.: 2010, Solar Phys., submitted.
MacQueen, R.M., Eddy, J.A., Gosling, J.T., Hildner, E., Munro, R.H., Newkirk, G.A., Jr., Poland, A.I., Ross, C.L.: 1974, Astrophys. J. Lett. 187, 85.
Mizuno, D.R., Buffington, A., Cooke, M.P., Eyles, C.J., Hick, P.P., Holladay, P.E., Jackson, B.V., Johnston, J.C., Kuchar, T.A., Mozer, J.M., Price, S.D., Radick, R.R., Simnett, G.M., Sinclair, D., Webb, D.F.: 2005, J. Geophys. Res. 110, A07230.
Moran, T.G., Davila, J.M.: 2004, Science 305(5680), 66.
Morrill, J.S., Korendyke, C.M., Andrews, M., Biesecker, D., Brueckner, G.E., Esfandiari, E., Giovane, F., Howard, R.A., Koomen, M., Lamy, P., Llebaria, A., Michels, D., Moses, D., Plunkett, S.P., Rich, N., Thernisien, A.F., Vourlidas, A., Wang, D.: 2006, Solar Phys. 233, 331.
Munro, R.H.: 1977. In: Topical Conference on Solar and Interplanetary Physics, Tucson, Arizona, January 12 – 15, 10.
Odstrcil, D., Pizzo, V.J.: 1999, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 483.
Odstrcil, D., Pizzo, V.J., Linker, J.A., Riley, P., Lionello, R., Mikic, Z.: 2004, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 66, 1311.
Ogilvie, K.W., Desch, M.D.: 1997, Adv. Space Res. 20, 559.
Porsche, H. (ed.): 1984, 10 Jahre HELIOS, Festschrift aus Anlaß des 10. Jahrestages des Starts der Sonnensonde Helios am 10. Dezember 1974, DFVLR Oberpfaffenhofen.
Richter, I., Leinert, C., Planck, B.: 1982, Astron. Astrophys. 110, 115.
Reiner, M.J., Jackson, B.V., Webb, D.F., Mizuno, D.R., Kaiser, M.L., Bougeret, J.L.: 2005, J. Geophys. Res. 110(A9), A09S14.
Rouillard, A.P., Davies, J.A., Forsyth, R.J., Davis, C.J., Harrison, R.A., Lockwood, M., Bewsher, D., Crothers, S., Eyles, C.J., Hapgood, M.A., Perry, C.H.: 2008, Geophys. Res. Lett. 35, 10110.
Sheeley, N.R., Jr., Michels, D.J., Howard, R.A., Koomen, M.J.: 1980, Astrophys. J. Lett. 237, 99.
Sheeley, N.R., Herbst, A.D., Palatchi, C.A., Wang, Y.-M., Howard, R.A., Moses, J.D., Vourlidas, A., Newmark, J.S., Socker, D.G., Plunkett, S.P., Korendyke, C.M., Burlaga, L.F., Davila, J.M., Thompson, W.T., St. Cyr, O.C., Harrison, R.A., Davis, C.J., Eyles, C.J., Halain, J.P., Wang, D., Rich, N.B., Battams, K., Esfandiari, E., Stenborg, G.: 2008, Astrophys. J. 675, 853.
Socker, D.G., Howard, R.A., Korendyke, C.M., Simnett, G.M., Webb, D.F.: 2000, Proc. SPIE 4139, 284.
Tappin, S.J.: 2006, Solar Phys. 233, 233.
Tappin, S.J., Howard, T.A.: 2009, Space Sci. Rev. 147, 55.
Tappin, S.J., Buffington, A., Cooke, M.P., Eyles, C.J., Hick, P.P., Holladay, P.E., Jackson, B.V., Johnston, J.C., Kuchar, T., Mizuno, D., Mozer, J.B., Price, S., Radick, R.R., Simnett, G.M., Sinclair, D., Waltham, N.R., Webb, D.F.: 2004, Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, 2802.
Tokumaru, M., Kojima, M., Fujiki, K., Yamashita, M., Jackson, B.V.: 2007, J. Geophys. Res. 112, A05106.
Tokumaru, M., Kojima, M., Fujiki, K.: 2010, J. Geophys. Res 115, A04102.
Tousey, R.: 1973, In: Rycroft, M.J., Runcorn, S.K. (eds.) Space Res. 8, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 713.
Vourlidas, A., Howard, R.A.: 2006, Astrophys. J. 642, 1216.
Webb, D.F., Mizuno, D.R., Buffington, A., Cooke, M.P., Eyles, C.J., Fry, C.D., Gentile, L.C., Hick, P.P., Holladay, P.E., Howard, T.A., Hewitt, J.G., Jackson, B.V., Johnston, J.C., Kuchar, T.A., Mozer, J.B., Price, S., Radick, R.R., Simnett, G.M., Tappin, S.J.: 2006, J. Geophys. Res. 111, A12101.
Webb, D.F., Howard, T.A., Fry, C.D., Kuchar, T.A., Odstrcil, D., Jackson, B.V., Bisi, M.M., Harrison, R.A., Morrill, J.S., Howard, R.A., Johnston, J.C.: 2009a, Solar Phys. 256, 239.
Webb, D.F., Howard, T.A., Fry, C.D., Kuchar, T.A., Mizuno, D.R., Johnston, J.C., Jackson, B.V.: 2009b, Space Weather 7, S05002.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Remote Sensing of the Inner Heliosphere
Guest Editors: M.M. Bisi, and A.R. Breen.
Rights and permissions
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Jackson, B.V., Buffington, A., Hick, P.P. et al. A Heliospheric Imager for Deep Space: Lessons Learned from Helios, SMEI, and STEREO. Sol Phys 265, 257–275 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-010-9579-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-010-9579-3