Skip to main content
Download PDF

Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): Overview of Science Objectives, Instrument Design, Data Products, and Model Developments

Solar Physics volume 275, pages 115–143 (2012)Cite this article

Abstract

The highly variable solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation is the major energy input to the Earth’s upper atmosphere, strongly impacting the geospace environment, affecting satellite operations, communications, and navigation. The Extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) onboard the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) will measure the solar EUV irradiance from 0.1 to 105 nm with unprecedented spectral resolution (0.1 nm), temporal cadence (ten seconds), and accuracy (20%). EVE includes several irradiance instruments: The Multiple EUV Grating Spectrographs (MEGS)-A is a grazing-incidence spectrograph that measures the solar EUV irradiance in the 5 to 37 nm range with 0.1-nm resolution, and the MEGS-B is a normal-incidence, dual-pass spectrograph that measures the solar EUV irradiance in the 35 to 105 nm range with 0.1-nm resolution. To provide MEGS in-flight calibration, the EUV SpectroPhotometer (ESP) measures the solar EUV irradiance in broadbands between 0.1 and 39 nm, and a MEGS-Photometer measures the Sun’s bright hydrogen emission at 121.6 nm. The EVE data products include a near real-time space-weather product (Level 0C), which provides the solar EUV irradiance in specific bands and also spectra in 0.1-nm intervals with a cadence of one minute and with a time delay of less than 15 minutes. The EVE higher-level products are Level 2 with the solar EUV irradiance at higher time cadence (0.25 seconds for photometers and ten seconds for spectrographs) and Level 3 with averages of the solar irradiance over a day and over each one-hour period. The EVE team also plans to advance existing models of solar EUV irradiance and to operationally use the EVE measurements in models of Earth’s ionosphere and thermosphere. Improved understanding of the evolution of solar flares and extending the various models to incorporate solar flare events are high priorities for the EVE team.

References

  • Bertaux, J.-L., Quemerais, E., Lallement, R., Lamassoure, E., Schmidt, W., Kyrölä, E.: 2000, Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 1331.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, B.R., Tobiska, W.K., Marcos, F.A., Valladares, C.: 2008a, J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys. 70, 774.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, B.R., Tobiska, W.K., Marcos, F.A., Huang, C.Y., Lin, C.S., Burke, W.J.: 2008b, In: AIAA 2008-6438, AIAA-AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference.

  • Chamberlin, P.C., Woods, T.N., Eparvier, F.G.: 2007, Space Weather J. 5, S07005. doi:10.1029/2007SW000316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlin, P.C., Hock, R.A., Crotser, D.A., Eparvier, F.G., Furst, M., Triplett, M.A., Woodraska, D., Woods, T.N.: 2007, SPIE Proc. 6689, 66890N. doi:10.1117/12.734116.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlin, P.C., Woods, T.N., Eparvier, F.G.: 2008, Space Weather J. 6, S05001. doi:10.1029/2007SW000372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlin, P.C., Woods, T.N., Crotser, D.A., Eparvier, F.G., Hock, R.A., Woodraska, D.L.: 2009, Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, L05102. doi:10.1029/2008GL037145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Codrescu, M.V., Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Munteanu, V., Minter, C.F., Millward, G.H.: 2008, Space Weather J. 6, S09005. doi:10.1029/2007SW000364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crotser, D.A., Woods, T.N., Eparvier, F.G., Ucker, G., Kohnert, R., Berthiaume, G., Weitz, D.: 2004, SPIE Proc. 5563, 182.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crotser, D.A., Woods, T.N., Eparvier, F.G., Triplett, M.A., Woodraska, D.L.: 2007, SPIE Proc. 6689, 66890M. doi:10.1117/12.732592.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dere, K.P., Landi, E., Mason, H.E., Monsignori Fossi, B.C., Young, P.R.: 1997, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 125, 149.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Didkovsky, L., Judge, D., Wieman, S., Woods, T., Chamberlin, P., Jones, A., Eparvier, F., Triplett, M., Woodraska, D., McMullin, D., Furst, M., Vest, R.: 2007, SPIE Proc. 6689, 66890P. doi:10.1117/12.732868.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Didkovsky, L., Judge, D., Wieman, S., Woods, T., Jones, A.: 2010, Solar Phys. doi:10.1007/s11207-009-9485-8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmert, J.T., Picone, J.M., Meier, R.R.: 2008, Geophys. Res. Lett. 35, L05101. doi:10.1029/2007GL032809.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emmert, J.T., Meier, R.R., Picone, J.M., Lean, J.L., Christensen, A.B.: 2006, J. Geophys. Res. 111, A10S16. doi:10.1029/2005JA011495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eparvier, F.G., Woods, T.N., Crotser, D.A., Ucker, G.J., Kohnert, R.A., Jones, A., Judge, D.L., McMullin, D., Berthiaume, G.D.: 2004, SPIE Proc. 5660, 48.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eparvier, F.G., Crotser, D., Jones, A.R., McClintock, W.E., Snow, M., Woods, T.N.: 2009, SPIE Proc. 7438, 743804.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fontenla, J.M., Quemerais, E., Gonzalez Hernandez, I., Lindsey, C., Haberreiter, M.: 2009, Adv. Space Res. 44, 457.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Rees, D., Quegan, S., Moffett, R.J., Codrescu, M.V., Millward, G.H.: 1996, In: Schunk, R.W. (ed.) A Coupled Thermosphere – Ionosphere Model (CTIM), STEP Handbook, 217.

  • Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Codrescu, M.V., Minter, C.F., Strickland, D.: 2006, Adv. Space Res. 37, 401.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, H.: 1994, Solar Phys. 154, 275.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hathaway, D.H., Wilson, R.M., Reichmann, E.J.: 1999, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 22375.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedin, A.: 1991, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 1159.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hochedez, J.-F., Schmutz, W., Stockman, Y., Schühle, U., Benmoussa, A., Koller, S., Haenen, K., Berghmans, D., Defise, J.-M., Theissen, A., Delouille, V., et al.: 2006, Adv. Space Res. 37, 303.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hock, R.A., Chamberlin, P.C., Woods, T.N., Crotser, D., Eparvier, F.G., Furst, M., Woodraska, D.L., Woods, E.C.: 2010, Solar Phys., in press.

  • Huba, J.D., Joyce, G., Fedder, J.A.: 2000, J. Geophys. Res. 105, 23035.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacchia, L.G.: 1971, Smithsonian Astrophys. Spec. Rep. 332, May.

  • Judge, D.L., McMullin, D.R., Ogawa, H.S., Hovestadt, D., Klecker, B., Hilchenbach, M., Mobius, E., Canfield, L.R., Vest, R.E., Watts, R.N., Tarrio, C., Kuhne, M., Wurz, P.: 1998, Solar Phys. 177, 161.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knipp, D.J., Welliver, T., McHarg, M.G., Chun, F.K., Tobiska, W.K., Evans, D.: 2005, Adv. Space Res. 36, 2506.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Landi, E., Del Zanna, G., Young, P.R., Dere, K.P., Mason, H.E., Landini, M.: 2006, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 162, 261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lean, J.: 2005, Phys. Today 58, 32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lean, J.L., Picone, J.M., Emmert, J.T.: 2009, J. Geophys. Res. 114, A07301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lean, J.L., Warren, H.P., Mariska, J.T., Bishop, J.: 2003, J. Geophys. Res. 108, 1059.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lilensten, J., Dudok de Wit, T., Kretzschmar, M., Amblard, P.O., Moussaoui, S., Aboudarham, J., Auchere, F.: 2008, Ann. Geophys. 26, 269.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsey, C., Braun, D.C.: 2000, Science 287, 1799.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marcos, F.A., Bowman, B.R., Sheehan, R.E.: 2006, In: AIAA 2006-6167, AIAA ASM.

  • Meier, R.R., Warren, H.P., Nicholas, A.C., Bishop, J., Huba, J.D., Drob, D.P., Lean, J., Picone, J.M., Mariska, J.T., Joyce, G., Judge, D.L., Thonnard, S.E., Dymond, K.F., Budzien, S.A.: 2002, Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, 99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Millward, G.H., Moffett, R.J., Quegan, S., Fuller-Rowell, T.J.: 1996, In: Schunk, R.W. (ed.) Handbook of Ionospheric Models, STEP Report, 239.

  • National Space Weather Program: 2000, The Implementation Plan, 2nd edn., Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology, FCM-P31-2000.

  • Pawlowski, D.J., Ridley, A.J.: 2008, J. Geophys. Res. 113, A10309.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Picone, J.M., Emmert, J.T., Lean, J.L.: 2005, J. Geophys. Res. 110, A03301. doi:10.1029/2004JA010585.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Picone, J.M., Hedin, A.E., Drob, D.P., Aikin, A.C.: 2002, J. Geophys. Res. 107(A12), 1468. doi:10.1029/2002JA009430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richards, P.C., Fennelly, J.A., Torr, D.G.: 1994, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 8981.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schunk, R.W.: 1988, Ionospheric Modeling, Birkhäuser, Basel, 255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schunk, R.W., Sojka, J.J.: 1996, In: Schunk, R. (ed.) Solar-Terr. Energy Program: Handbook of Ionospheric Models, SCOSTEP, 153.

  • Schunk, R.W., Scherliess, L., Sojka, J.J., Thompson, D.C., Anderson, D.N., Codrescu, M., Minter, C., Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Heelis, R.A., Hairston, M., Howe, B.M.: 2004, Radio Sci. 39, RS1S02.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smithtro, C.G., Solomon, S.C.: 2008, J. Geophys. Res. 113, A08307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, S.C., Qian, L.: 2005, J. Geophys. Res. 110, A10306.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sojka, J.J.: 1989, Rev. Geophys. 27, 37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tobiska, W.K.: 2004, Adv. Space Res. 34, 1736.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tobiska, W.K.: 2007, AIAA 2007-0495.

  • Tobiska, W.K.: 2008, AIAA Proceedings, AIAA-2008-0453.

  • Tobiska, W.K., Bouwer, S.D.: 2005, In: Goodman, J.M. (ed.) 2005 Ionospheric Effects Symposium, MG Associates, Alexandria, 76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobiska, W.K., Bouwer, S.D.: 2006, Adv. Space Res. 37, 347.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tobiska, W.K., Woods, T., Eparvier, F., Viereck, R., Floyd, L., Bouwer, D., Rottman, G., White, O.R.: 2000, J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys. 62, 1233.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viereck, R., Hanser, F., Wise, J., Guha, S., Jones, A., McMullin, D., Plunket, S., Strickland, D., Evans, S.: 2007, SPIE Proc. 6689, 66890K-10.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.-M., Sheeley, N.R. Jr.: 1991, Astrophys. J. 375, 761.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.-M., Lean, J., Sheeley, N.R. Jr.: 2000, Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 505.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.-M., Sheeley, N.R. Jr., Lean, J.: 2000, Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 621.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y.-M., Lean, J.L., Sheeley, N.R. Jr.: 2005, Astrophys. J. 625, 522.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, H.P.: 2005, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 157, 147. doi:10.1086/427171.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, H.P., Mariska, J.T., Lean, J.: 2001, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 15745.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westhoff, R.C., Rose, M.K., Gregory, J.A., Berthiaume, G.D., Seely, J.F., Woods, T.N., Ucker, G.: 2007, SPIE Proc. 6686, 668604. doi:10.1117/12.734371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, T.N., Rottman, G.J.: 2002, In: Mendillo, M., Nagy, A., Waite, J.H. Jr. (eds.) Comparative Aeronomy in the Solar System, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 130, AGU, Washington, 221.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, T., Acton, L.W., Bailey, S., Eparvier, F., Garcia, H., Judge, D., Lean, J., McMullin, D., Schmidtke, G., Solomon, S.C., Tobiska, W.K., Warren, H.P.: 2004, In: Pap, J., Fröhlich, C., Hudson, H., Kuhn, J., McCormack, J., North, G., Sprig, W., Wu, S.T. (eds.) Solar Variability and Its Effect on Climate, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 141, AGU, Washington, 127.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, T.N., Eparvier, F.G., Bailey, S.M., Chamberlin, P.C., Lean, J., Rottman, G.J., Solomon, S.C., Tobiska, W.K., Woodraska, D.L.: 2005, J. Geophys. Res. 110, A01312. doi:10.1029/2004JA010765.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woodraska, D.L., Woods, T.N., Eparvier, F.G.: 2007, J. Spacecr. Rockets 44(6), 1204. doi:10.2514/1.28639.

    ADS  Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, 1234 Innovation Dr., Boulder, CO, 80303, USA

    T. N. Woods, F. G. Eparvier, R. Hock, A. R. Jones & D. Woodraska

  2. Space Sciences Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA

    D. Judge & L. Didkovsky

  3. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. S.W., Washington, DC, 20375, USA

    J. Lean, J. Mariska & H. Warren

  4. Space Systems Research Corporation, 1940 Duke St., Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA

    D. McMullin

  5. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA

    P. Chamberlin

  6. Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, 02420, USA

    G. Berthiaume

  7. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    S. Bailey

  8. CIRES University of Colorado and NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA

    T. Fuller-Rowell

  9. Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA

    J. Sojka

  10. Space Environment Technologies, 1676 Palisades Dr., Pacific Palisades, CA, 90272, USA

    W. K. Tobiska

  11. NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA

    R. Viereck

Authors
  1. T. N. Woods
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. F. G. Eparvier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. Hock
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. R. Jones
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. D. Woodraska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. D. Judge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. L. Didkovsky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. J. Lean
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. J. Mariska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. H. Warren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. D. McMullin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. P. Chamberlin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. G. Berthiaume
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. S. Bailey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. T. Fuller-Rowell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. J. Sojka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. W. K. Tobiska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. R. Viereck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. N. Woods.

Additional information

The Solar Dynamics Observatory

Guest Editors: W. Dean Pesnell, Phillip C. Chamberlin, and Barbara J. Thompson

Rights and permissions

Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Woods, T.N., Eparvier, F.G., Hock, R. et al. Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): Overview of Science Objectives, Instrument Design, Data Products, and Model Developments. Sol Phys 275, 115–143 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-009-9487-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-009-9487-6

Keywords

  • EVE
  • SDO
  • Solar EUV irradiance
  • Space weather research