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Multidimensional Poverty and Inequality: Insights from the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

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Abstract

As stated in the 2018 global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report, Ethiopia has the second largest multidimensionally poor population in Africa (after Nigeria). The global MPI was created to measure household’s multiple deprivations, but little systematic study has been carried out on the application of MPI measures on a smaller scale and vis-à-vis other measures of poverty. In addition, most of the few existing studies ignore any measure of inequality amongst the multidimensionally poor. This study explored multidimensional poverty in three different drought-prone agro-ecological settings of the Upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. A preliminary participatory exercise was carried out at the study sites to select important indicators and then a structured survey was administered to 390 systematically and randomly selected households. The Alkire–Foster method was used to analyse multidimensional poverty and verified it with Correlation Sensitive Poverty Index (CSPI). Multidimensional poverty incidence, adjusted head count ratio and inequality were significantly different between study sites (p < 0.001). Results indicated a high incidence (88%, 82% and 80%), intensity (52%, 55% and 56%), MPI (46%, 45% and 45%) and inequality (53%, 60% and 63%) of poverty in Aba Gerima, Guder and Dibatie study sites, respectively. A high level of divergence was revealed between the MPI and CSPI in terms of identifying the poor. The living standard and land and livestock ownership dimensions contributed the most to MPI. The case study signifies the importance of inclusion of land and livestock indicators for the national MPI. Besides, it implies that researchers and policymakers need to account for smaller scale contextualised indicators and location differences when studying and designing anti-poverty interventions.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS)—Development of Next-Generation Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Framework to Combat Desertification project. The authors would like to thank all enumerators, research assistants for providing field support and farmers for their willingness to be interviewed. We also thank Arid Land Research Centre, Tottori University for providing an appropriate research environment for the principal author. Funding was provided by Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)/Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Grant Number JPMJSA1601.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan

    Misganaw Teshager Abeje

  2. Institute of Disaster Risk Management and Food Security Studies, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Misganaw Teshager Abeje

  3. Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan

    Atsushi Tsunekawa & Zerihun Nigussie

  4. International Platform for Dry Land Research and Education, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan

    Nigussie Haregeweyn

  5. College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Zemen Ayalew & Enyew Adgo

  6. College of Business and Economics, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Daregot Berihun

  7. Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8550, Japan

    Asres Elias

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Abeje, M.T., Tsunekawa, A., Haregeweyn, N. et al. Multidimensional Poverty and Inequality: Insights from the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. Soc Indic Res 149, 585–611 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02257-y

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