Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

A Concept Mapping Study on Social Inclusion in Hong Kong

  • Published:
Social Indicators Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A focus group study involving concept mapping was conducted in September 2012 to investigate how the concept of social inclusion was understood by Hong Kong residents. It was a replication of an earlier UK study. Seven groups involving 61 participants (38 females; 23 males) were interviewed, including non-professional workers at a Non-government Organisation service, senior centre users, a mixed group of community residents, people with severe mental illness, professional social service providers, communication studies students, and social work students. Data analysis using Nvivo 10 and systematic thematic analysis identified six major themes including: (1) material resources and wealth, (2) work, (3) social (dis)harmony and diversity, (4) discrimination, (5) communication, and (6) participation in activities. An overall final model of Social Inclusion for Hong Kong based on concept maps for all seven groups is presented. The results will inform the conceptualisation and development of a Chinese-language measure of social inclusion (SCOPE-C) based on translation and cultural adaption of the Social and Community Opportunities Profile (SCOPE) developed in UK.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Berman, Y., & Philips, D. (2000). Indicators of social quality and social exclusion at national and community level. Social Indicators Research, 50(3), 329–350. doi:10.1023/A:1007074127144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brennan, A., Rhodes, J., & Tyler, P. (1999). New findings on the nature of economic and social exclusion in England and the implications for new policy initiatives. University of Cambridge, Department of Land Economy, Discussion paper 101.

  • Burchardt, T., Le Grand, J., & Piachaud, D. (2002a). Degrees of exclusion: Developing a dynamic, multidimensional measure. In J. Hills, J. Le Grand, & D. Piachaud (Eds.), Understanding social exclusion (pp. 30–43). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burchardt, T., Le Grand, J., & Piachaud, D. (2002b). Introduction. In J. Hills, J. Le Grand, & D. Piachaud (Eds.), Understanding social exclusion (pp. 1–12). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chau, C. M. R., & Yu, W. K. S. (2009). Social quality and the social harmony campaign in Hong Kong. Development and Society, 38(2), 277–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G. M., & Chung, J. (1994). The impact of Confucianism on organizational communication. Communication Quarterly, 42(2), 93–105. doi:10.1080/01463379409369919.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G. M., & Ma, R. (Eds.). (2002). Chinese conflict management and resolution. Westport, CT: Ablex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (1997). Chinese conflict management and resolution: Overview and implications. Intercultural Communication Studies, 7(1), 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheung, C. K. (2013). Public policies that help foster social inclusion. Social Indicators Research, 112(1), 47–68. doi:10.1007/s11205-012-0039-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • European Commission. (2004). Joint report on social inclusion: Employment and social affairs. Directorate-General for Employment and Social Affairs. http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/social_inclusion/docs/final_joint_inclusion_report_2003_en.pdf. Accessed May 16, 2013.

  • Gordon, D., Adelman, L., Ashworth, K., Bradshaw, J., Levitas, R., Middleton, S., et al. (2000). Poverty and social exclusion in Britain. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ho, S. S. M., & Chan, R. S. Y. (2012). Social harmony in Hong Kong: Level, determinants and policy implications. Social Indicators Research, 91(1), 37–58. doi:10.1007/s11205-007-9152-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hong Kong Government. (1973). Social welfare in Hong Kong: The way ahead (White Paper). Hong Kong: Government Printer.

  • Hong Kong Government. (1977). White paper on rehabilitation: Integrating the disabled into the community. Hong Kong: Government Printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong Kong Government. (1979). Social welfare into the 1980's (White Paper). Hong Kong: Government Printer.

  • Hong Kong Government. (1991). Social welfare into the 1990s and beyond (White Paper). Hong Kong: Government Printer.

  • Hong Kong Government. (1995). White paper on rehabilitation: Equal opportunities and full participation: a better tomorrow for all. Hong Kong: Rehabilitation Division, Health & Welfare Branch, Government Secretariat.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong Kong Government. (2012). Embracing social inclusion. http://www.gov.hk/en/residents/housing/socialservices/youth/SocialInclusion.htm. Accessed May 16, 2013.

  • Hong Kong Government. (2013). 2013 policy address by chief executive (1)–(10). 2013 Policy Address: Press Releases. http://www.policyaddress.gov.hk/2013/eng/press.html. Accessed May 16, 2013.

  • Huxley, P., Evans, S., Madge, S., Webber, M., Burchardt, T., McDaid, D., et al. (2012). Development of a social inclusion index to capture subjective and objective life domains (phase II): Psychometric development study. Health Technology Assessment, 16(1), 1–248. doi:10.3310/hta16010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huxley, P., Evans, S., Munroe, M., & Philpin, S. (2008). SCOPE for social inclusion? A Life in the Day, 12(3), 33–35. doi:10.1108/13666282200800029.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huxley, P., Evans, S., Munroe, M., Webber, M., Burchardt T., Knapp, M., & McDaid, D. (2006). Development of a ‘Social Inclusion Index’ to capture subjective and objective domains (Phase I): Final report to NCCRM. http://www.hta.ac.uk/nihrmethodology/reports/1591.pdf. Accessed May 16, 2013.

  • IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development). (2001). Rural poverty report 2001: The challenge of ending rural poverty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Information Services Department. (2013a). CPCE launches “Respect and Inclusiveness” campaign (with photos). Press Releases. http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/201303/23/P201303220413.htm. Accessed May 21, 2013.

  • Information Services Department. (2013b). Respect different values embrace different voices. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNYjpb7ElV4&list=PLEF79D510039674EB&index=5. Accessed May 21, 2013 (In Chinese).

  • Lee, K. M., Wong, H., & Law, K. Y. (2007). Social polarisation and poverty in the global city: The case of Hong Kong. China Report, 43(1), 1–30. doi:10.1177/000944550604300101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (1999). Designing qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mezey, G., White, S., Thachil, A., Berg, R., Kallumparam, S., Nasiruddin, O., et al. (2012). Development and preliminary validation of a measure of social inclusion for use in people with mental health problems: The SInQUE. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry,. doi:10.1177/0020764012443752.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers, G., Gore, C., & Figueiredo, J. (Eds.). (1995). Social exclusion: Rhetoric, reality, responses. Geneva: International Institute for Labour Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Room, G. (1997). Social quality in Europe: Perspectives on social exclusion. In W. Beck, L. van der Maesen, & A. Walker (Eds.), The social quality of Europe (pp. 255–262). The Hague: Kluwer Law International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Social Exclusion Unit. (1998). Prime Minister’s speech on the establishment of the Social Exclusion Unit. http://www.open.gov.uk/co/seu/more.html. Accessed May 16, 2013.

  • Social Welfare Department. (2012). SWD Review 2009–10 & 2010–11. http://www.swd.gov.hk/doc/annreport/SWD%20Review%202009-10_and_2010-11_txt_eng.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2013.

  • Strauss, A. L. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Townsend, P. (1979). Poverty in the United Kingdom. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trochim, W. (1985). Pattern matching, validity, and conceptualization in program evaluation. Evaluation Review, 9(5), 575–604. doi:10.1177/0193841X8500900503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trochim, W. (1989a). An introduction to concept mapping for planning and evaluation. Evaluation and Program Planning, 12(1), 1–16. doi:10.1016/0149-7189(89)90016-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trochim, W. (1989b). Concept mapping: Soft science or hard art? Evaluation and Program Planning, 12(1), 87–110. doi:10.1016/0149-7189(89)90027-X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trochim, W. (1989c). Outcome pattern matching and program theory. Evaluation and Program Planning, 12(4), 355–366. doi:10.1016/0149-7189(89)90052-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsang, D. Y. (2010). Sharing prosperity from a caring society. Hong Kong: Government of Hong Kong.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tung, C. H. (1997). The policy address. Hong Kong: Government Printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tung, C. H. (2000). The policy address. Hong Kong: Government Printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO. (2013). Social inclusion policies: A plea for scientific and participatory evaluation. www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/most. Accessed May 14, 2013.

  • Wei, X., & Li, Q. (2013). The Confucian value of harmony and its influence on Chinese social interaction. Cross-Cultural Communication, 9(1), 60–66. doi:http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/ccc/article/view/j.ccc.1923670020130901.12018.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, C. K., & Shik, A. W. Y. (2011). Renewed conception of a harmonious society, governance and citizenship: Evidence for the study of Chinese perceptions in Hong Kong. Asian Social Work and Policy Review, 5(1), 1–19. doi:10.1111/j.1753-1411.2010.00045.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, W. K. (2007). Contradictions of welfare and the market: The case of Hong Kong. In J. Lee & K. M. Chan (Eds.), The crisis of welfare in East Asia. London: Lexington Booth.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was funded by Economic & Social Research Council (Grant Reference: ES/K005227/1).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kara Chan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chan, K., Evans, S., Ng, YL. et al. A Concept Mapping Study on Social Inclusion in Hong Kong. Soc Indic Res 119, 121–137 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0498-1

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0498-1

Keywords

Navigation