Abstract
Policymakers and social theorists have increasingly come to rely on social indicators to guide their decisions and theories. Social indicators are also useful in bridging theory and empirical research as well as the traditional gap between policymaking and social theory. The concept of social indicators covers interpretation of cultural signs, simple statistical measures, and complex statistical indexes related to sets of domains. The article views the development of child well-being indicators as central not only in the social welfare field, but as an indicator of future societal conditions, given that children’s lives are especially sensitive to social change. The paper addresses the development of indicators of children’s well-being, arguing that the expansion of the field, the complexity of new domains and indicators, and the position of children as “being” and “becoming”, they are citizens of the present as well as being socialized for the future, illustrates that the next crucial step for the field is to further elaborate theories and models.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atkinson T. et al. (2002) Social Indicators. The EU and Social Inclusion. New York: Oxford
Bauer R.A. (ed.) (1966) Social Indicators. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press
Beck U. (1992) Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London: Sage
Ben-Arieh, A. et al: 2001, `Measuring and monitoring children’s well-being’, Social Indicators Research Series Vol. 7
Bradshaw, J.: 2002, `Child poverty and child outcomes’, Children & Society 16, pp. 131–140
Bradshaw J., Mayhew E. (eds.) (2005). The Well-being of Children in the UK (2nd ed.). London: Save the Children
Brindis C., et al. (2001). Bridging the Gap: Next Steps in Developing and Using Indicators to Improve . Adolescent Health. San Francisco, CA: University of California, San Francisco
Brown, B.V. and K.M. Moore: 2003, `Child and Youth Well-being: The Social Indicators Field’, in Lerner et al. (eds.) Handbook of Applied Developmental Science (Thousand Oaks, Calif Sage)
Bunge, M. 1975, `What is a quality of life indicator?', Social Indicators Research Series 2(1), pp. 65–79
Clausen J. (1993) American Lives: Looking Back at the Children of the Great Depression. New York: Free Press
Christian, D.E.: 1974, `International social indicators: The OECD experience’, Social Indicators Research Series 1(2), pp. 169–186
Council of Europe Revised Strategy for Social Cohesion. http://www.coe.int/T/E/social_cohesion/social_policies/03.Strategy_for_Social_Cohesion/2_Revised_Strategy/
Courtney, M.E.: 2005, Youth Who Run Away from Substitute Care. Chapin Hall Center for Children, Report
Duhaime, G. et al.: 2004, Social cohesion and living conditions in the Canadian Arctic: From theory to measurement, Social Indicator Research Series 66(3), pp. 295–318
Easterbrook G. (2004). The Progress Paradox: How Life Gets Better While People Feel Worse. New York: Random House
Elder G.H. Jr. (1974). Children of the Great Depression: Social Change in Life Experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Emery F., Trist E. (1965) The causal texture of organizational environments. Human Relations, 18:21–32
European Strategy for Social Cohesion. http://www.coe.int/T/E/social_cohesion/social_policies/03.Strategy_for_Social_Cohesion/
European System of Social Indicators. (http://www.gesis.org/en/social_monitoring/social_indicators/Data/EUSI/index.htm
Frønes, I.: 2001, `Revolution without rebels: Gender, generation, and social change. An essay on gender, socialization, and change’, in Transitions of Youth Citizenship in Europe: Culture, Subculture, and Identity (Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg), pp. 217–234
Goerge, R.M. et al.: 2001, The State of The Child in Illinois: 2000. Chapin Hall Centre for Children
Harris J.R.: 1998, The nurture assumption: why children turn out the way they (Bloomsbury, London)
Headey B., Veenhoven R., Wearing A. (1991) Top-down versus bottom-up theories of subjective well-being. Political Science Dept., University of Melbourne, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 24(1), 81–100
Hernandez D. (1993) America’s children : resources from family, government, and the economy. New York: Russell Sage Foundation
James A., Jenks C., Prout A. (1998) Theorizing Childhood. Cambridge: Polity Press
Kagan J. (1998) Three Seductive Ideas. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press
Kids Count Special Report: Trends in Child Poverty, 1976 through 2001 http://www.aecf.org/kidscount/child_poverty_intro2.htm
Kids Count. Children at Risk: State Trends 1990–2000. http://www.aecf.org/kidscount/c2ss/
Land, K.: 2001, `Models and indicators’, Social Forces 80(2), pp. 381–410
Land, K.: 2006, The Foundation for Child Development Child and Youth Well-Being Index (CWI), 1975-2004, with Projections for 2205. Duke University North Carolina. http://66. 249.93.104/search?q=cache:6Y-ERiPjazEJ:www.fcdus.org/PDFs/03-21 06FINAL2006CWIReport.pdf±child±and±youth±well±being&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=6&client=safari
Mannheim K. (1956). Essays on the Sociology of Culture. London: Routledge
Mead Margaret (1972). Culture and Commitment: A Study of the Generation Gap. London: Panther
Melton, G.: 2001, Toward a Child-Centered, Neighborhood-Based Child Protection System: A Report of the Consortium on Children, Families, and the Law
Mjaavatn, P.E.: 2005, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2005. vol 37(5) supplement, p.␣427
Moore K., S. Vandivere and R. Zakia: 2006, `A sociodemographic risk index’, Social Indicator Research Series 75(1), pp. 45–81
Moore, K. and L. Lipman (eds.): 2005, What Do Children Need to Flourish? Conceptualizing and Measuring Indicators of Positive Development. Search Institute Series (Springer, New␣York)
Naisbitt J. (1984) Megatrends. New York, Warner Books
Noll, H.: 2002, `Towards a European system of social indicators: Theoretical framework and system architecture’, Social Indicators Research Series 58(1–3), pp. 47–87
Noll, H.: Social Indicators and Social Reporting: The International Experience. http://www.ccsd.ca/noll1.html
OECD: 2002, Society at a Glance: OECD Social Indicators
OECD: 2006, Where Immigrant Students Succeed. http://www.oecd.org/document/17/0,2340,en_2649_201185_36701777_1_1_1_1,00.html
Paxton, P.: 1999, ‚Is social capital declining in the United States? A multiple indicator assessment’, American Journal of Sociology 105(1), pp. 88–127
Peirce C.S., H. Hoopes, James (eds.) (1991). Peirce on Signs: Writings on Semiotic. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press
Qvortrup J., Bardy M., Sgritta G., Wintersberger H. (eds.) (1994) Childhood Matters: Social Theory, Practice, and Policies. Aldershot: Avebury
Qvortrup J. (2005) Varieties of Childhood in Studies in Modern Childhood: Society, Agency, Culture. Palgrave: Macmillan
Pollard, E. and P.D. Lee: 2003, Child Well-being: “A Systematic Review of the Literature” Social Indicator research volume 61 number 1, pp. 59–78
Teitler, J. et al.: 2002, Growing Prosperity, Lingering Inequality: New York City Social Indicators 2002 (The Social Indicators Survey Center) http://www.siscenter.org/reports.htm
Thornton S. (1996). Club Cultures: Music, Media and Subcultural Capital. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press
UNICEF: Understanding the Convention on the Rights of the Child. http://www.unicef.org/crc/index_30172.html
UNICEF: Monitoring and statisticshttp://www.unicef.org/statistics/index.html
United Nations Statistics Division: Demographic and Social Statistics. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/
Key, U.S.: 2005, America’s Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being 2005. http://www.childstats.gov/americaschildren/
White J.L., Moffitt T.E., Earls F., Robins L., Silva P.A. (1990) How early can we tell? Predictors of childhood conduct disorder and adolescent delinquency. Criminology, 28:507
White, S.C.: 2002, `Being, becoming and relationship: Conceptual challenges of a child rights approach in development’, Journal of International Development 14(8), pp. 1095–1104
Williamson H. (1997) Contexts and Consequences: Young Men, Transition, and Social Exclusion. Aldershot: Ashgate
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Frønes, I. Theorizing indicators. Soc Indic Res 83, 5–23 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-9061-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-9061-7