It is proposed that the 'ground surface caving' model, similar to the 'standard curves' scheme describe ground surface caving above underground workings be used in the case of relatively large thickness of the over-karst earth mass. Relations for evaluating the form and parameters of the maximum surface as a function of the thickness of the overkarst mass as well as the depth and dimensions (in plan) of the cavity formed near the roof of the karsting mass are written down for the ground surface caving, formally possessing the appearance of a two-dimensional Gaussian surface. It is shown that the 'ground surface caving' scheme makes it possible to avoid the contradictions characteristic for the 'depression' model. Engineering geologic surveys in karst regions should focus on predicting phenomena that can develop in karsting rock.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V. M. Kutepov and V. N. Kozhevnikov, The Stability of Karst Territories, Nauka, Moscow (1989).
V. V. Tolmachev and F. Reuter, Engineering Karstology, Nedra, Moscow (1990).
D. Lowe and T. Waltham, British Cave Research Association: Cave Studies, 10, 140 (2002).
SP 11-105-97 Code of Rules on Engineering Surveys for Construction. Part II. Rules for Work in Areas of Development of Dangerous Geological Processes and Engineering Geologic Processes, PNIIIS, Moscow (2001).
SP 116.13330.2012 (Updated Edition of SNIP 22,022,003). Engineering Protection of Territories, Buildings and Structures from Dangerous Geological Processes: Main Provisions. M., 2012.
V. V. Tolmachev G. M. V. V., Troitskii, and V. P. Khomenko, Engineering-Construction Development of Karst Territories. Moscow (1986).
G. M. Shakhunyants, Subgrade of Railways. Problems of Design and Calculation, Transzheldorizdat, Moscow (1953).
M. M. Utkin and S. A. Makhnatov, "Comparative analysis of computational and theoretical methods of predicting the diameters karst of karst depression," in: Proc. Conf. on Geotechnical Design Problems of Buildings and Structures on Karst-Hazardous Territories, Ufa (,2012), pp. 262-267.
G. K. Klein, Structural Mechanics of Free-Flowing Materials, Stroiizdat, Moscow (1977).
V. A. Anikeev, "On the use of Birbaumer's model in engineering karstology," Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russian Academy of Sciences, 11th Sergeev Lecture, Moscow (2009).
A. B. Fadeev, Finite-Elements Method in Geomechanics, Nedra, Moscow (1987).
L. A. Strokova, "Methods of evaluating surface subsidence when driving urban tunnels," Osn. Fundam. Mekh. Gruntov, No. 3, 12-15 (2010).
R. B. Peck, "Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground," 7th Intern. Conf. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Mexico, State-of-the-Art Volume (1969), pp. 225-290.
R. J. Mair and R. N. Taylor, "Bored tunneling in the urban environment," in: Proc. 14th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (ICSMFE), Hamburg, Germany, 612 (1997), 2353-2385.
Yu. V. Posyl'nyi and M. I. Romanova, "Application of Gaussian function in the study of the ground surface subsidence curves of mine workings," in: Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Severo-Kavkazskii Region. Tekh. Nauki, No. 1-2, 84-85 (1995).
G. A. Geniev, "Practical method of determining displacements of the ground surface and stress state of soils due to underground workings," Stroitel'naya mekh. i raschet sooruzhenii, No. 3, 10-14 (1977).
Buildings and Structures on Undermined Territories and Subsidience Soils, SNiP 2.01-09-2010; updated version SNiP 2.01.09-91.
V. A. Barvashov and P. V. Kharlamov, "On the calculation of foundations on a karst base," PNIIS Georisk, pp. 30-32 (2007).
N. Z. Gotman, A. L. Gotman, and D. A. Davletyarov, "Taking account of the compbined operation of a building and base in in calculations of foundations with the presence of karst deformations. Interaction of structures and bases. Computational methods and engineering practice," in: Proc. Inter. Conf. on Geoengineering, St. Petersburg (2005), Vol. 2, pp. 69-75.
I. N. Bronshtein and K. A. Semendyaev [eds.], Handbook of Mathematics for Engineers and Students at Institutions of Higher Learning (1986).
Recommendations for the Design of Foundations on Karst Territories, NIIOSP, Moscow (1985).
V. I. Sheinin, S. A. Artemov, E. P. Sarana, A. V. Favorov, and P. A. Garshin, "Formalization of engineering-geologic information and its preparation for use in computer geotechnical calculations," Osn. Fundam. Mekh. Gruntov, No. 6 (2005).
R. V. Tsvetkov and I. N. Shardakov, "Simulation of deformation processes in the system 'subsoilfoundation-building' in the presence of karst phenomena," Vychislintel'naya Mekh. Sploshnykh Sred, 3, No. 3, 102-116 (2010).
Instructions for Designing Buildings and Structures in Moscow in Areas with Manifestation of Karst-Suffosion Processes, MOSGORISPOLKOM, Moscow (1985).
G. N. Kuznetsov, M. N. Bud'ko, and Yu. I. Vasil'ev, Modeling of Manifestations of Rock Pressure, Nedra, St. Petersburg (1968).
G. I. Pokrovskii and I. S. Fedorov, Modeling of Soil Strength, Gosstroiizdat, Moscow (1939).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 4, pp. 13-19, July-August, 2017.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sheinin, V.I. Use of Ground Surface Caving Model to Predict Karst Cavity Effect on Soil Mass Deformation. Soil Mech Found Eng 54, 231–238 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-017-9463-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-017-9463-3