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Predictors of Transgender Prejudice: A Meta-Analysis

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Abstract

Transgender people often experience discrimination and prejudice; therefore, it is important to explore the underlying factors that contribute to prejudice. Past research has found that individual difference variables (e.g., gender, political conservatism) predict transgender prejudice. In the current research, we aimed to better understand the association between transgender prejudice and 15 individual difference predictors (i.e., gender, sexual orientation, single-item political orientation, social dominance orientation, right wing authoritarianism, religiosity, religious fundamentalism, gender essentialism, gender role beliefs, sexism, gender self-esteem, aggression, lesbian, gay, bisexual [LGB] attitudes, contact with LGB individuals, and contact with transgender individuals) by conducting a random-effects meta-analysis. After screening, 82 studies with a total of 36,285 participants met the criteria and were included in the analyses. Across all studies, all predictors except for gender self-esteem (r = .09; 95% CI [-.004, .18]) were significant in predicting transgender prejudice. Overall, there were small to large effect sizes, with LGB attitudes having the largest magnitude (r = .71; 95% CI [.65, .76]) and aggression having the smallest magnitude (r = .15; 95% CI [.08, .23]). These results provide further evidence that attitudes toward transgender people are significantly related to individual differences, gender beliefs, sexual orientation attitudes, and social ideologies.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this project are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Bridget Ryan and Meg Grundy for their help in coding research articles for this meta-analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, 3700 Lindell Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA

    Hailey A. Hatch & Ruth H. Warner

  2. Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA

    Kristin A. Broussard

  3. Department of Psychology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, USA

    Helen C. Harton

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The first two authors computed effect sizes for the raw data, computed overall effect sizes across studies, and prepared the manuscript. Additionally, the first author along with two undergraduate research assistants coded the published articles used in the analyses. Lastly, the last two authors also contributed to the manuscript preparation.

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Correspondence to Hailey A. Hatch.

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Hatch, H.A., Warner, R.H., Broussard, K.A. et al. Predictors of Transgender Prejudice: A Meta-Analysis. Sex Roles 87, 583–602 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-022-01338-6

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