Body Talk on Social Networking Sites, Body Surveillance, and Body Shame among Young Adults: The Roles of Self-Compassion and Gender

Wang, Yuhui; Wang, Xingchao; Yang, Jing; Zeng, Pan; Lei, Li

doi:10.1007/s11199-019-01084-2

Original Article
Published: 14 August 2019

Body Talk on Social Networking Sites, Body Surveillance, and Body Shame among Young Adults: The Roles of Self-Compassion and Gender

Yuhui Wang¹,
Xingchao Wang²,
Jing Yang³,
Pan Zeng¹ &
Li Lei¹

Sex Roles volume 82, pages 731–742 (2020)Cite this article

2937 Accesses
28 Citations
Metrics details

Abstract

The present study examined whether body talk on social networking sites (SNSs) was positively associated with body surveillance and body shame and whether body surveillance would mediate the relationship between body talk on SNSs and body shame. We also tested whether the links from body talk on SNSs to body surveillance and body shame would be moderated by self-compassion. Furthermore, the moderating role of gender in the mediation model was examined. The model was tested with 194 female and 119 male Chinese university students who completed questionnaires regarding body talk on SNSs, body surveillance, body shame, and self-compassion. Results indicated that body talk on SNSs was positively related to body surveillance and body shame. The relationship between body talk on SNSs and body shame was mediated by body surveillance. Furthermore, self-compassion moderated the association between body talk on SNSs and body shame. No gender difference was found in the mediation model. Findings from the current study provide new insights into the development of objectified body consciousness among women, as well as among men, and highlight the potential value of promoting self-compassion in the prevention of body image concerns.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price includes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

An, X. (2017). Social networking site uses, internalization, body surveillance, social comparison and body dissatisfaction of males and females in mainland China. Asian Journal of Communication, 27(6), 616–630. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2017.1365914.
Article Google Scholar
Andrew, R., Tiggemann, M., & Clark, L. (2016). Predicting body appreciation in young women: An integrated model of positive body image. Body Image, 18, 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.04.003.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Arroyo, A., & Brunner, S. R. (2016). Negative body talk as an outcome of friends’ fitness posts on social networking sites: Body surveillance and social comparison as potential moderators. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 44(3), 216–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2016.1192293.
Article Google Scholar
Aubrey, J. S. (2007). The impact of sexually objectifying media exposure on negative body emotions and sexual self-perceptions: Investigating the mediating role of body self-consciousness. Mass Communication & Society, 10(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205430709337002.
Article Google Scholar
Baym, N. K. (2015). Personal connections in the digital age. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Google Scholar
Braun, T. D., Park, C. L., & Gorin, A. (2016). Self-compassion, body image, and disordered eating: A review of the literature. Body Image, 17, 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.03.003.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
China Internet Network Information Center. (2019). The 43^rdChina statistical report on internet development. Retrived from https://www.cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/hlwtjbg/201902/P020190318523029756345.pdf. Accessed 10 Jul 2019
Chow, C. M., & Tan, C. C. (2016). Weight status, negative body talk, and body dissatisfaction: A dyadic analysis of male friends. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(8), 1597–1606. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314559621.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Clarke, M. P., Murnen, S. K., & Smolak, L. (2010). Development and psychometric evaluation of a quantitative measure of “fat talk”. Body Image, 7(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.09.006.
Article Google Scholar
Daniel, S., & Bridges, S. K. (2010). The drive for muscularity in men: Media influences and objectification theory. Body Image, 7(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.08.003.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Daye, C. A., Webb, J. B., & Jafari, N. (2014). Exploring self-compassion as a refuge against recalling the body-related shaming of caregiver eating messages on dimensions of objectified body consciousness in college women. Body Image, 11(4), 547–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.08.001.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Engeln, R., Sladek, M. R., & Waldron, H. (2013). Body talk among college men: Content, correlates, and effects. Body Image, 10(3), 300–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.02.001.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Engeln-Maddox, R., Salk, R. H., & Miller, S. A. (2012). Assessing women's negative commentary on their own bodies: A psychometric investigation of the Negative Body Talk Scale. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 36(2), 162–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684312441593.
Article Google Scholar
Fardouly, J., Willburger, B. K., & Vartanian, L. R. (2018). Instagram use and young women’s body image concerns and self-objectification: Testing mediational pathways. New Media & Society, 20(4), 1380–1395. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817694499.
Article Google Scholar
Feltman, C. E., & Szymanski, D. M. (2018). Instagram use and self-objectification: The roles of internalization, comparison, appearance commentary, and feminism. Sex Roles, 78(5–6), 311–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0796-1.
Article Google Scholar
Ferreira, C., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Duarte, C. (2013). Self-compassion in the face of shame and body image dissatisfaction: Implications for eating disorders. Eating Behaviors, 14(2), 207–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.01.005.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(2), 173–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x.
Article Google Scholar
Gilbert, P. (2009). Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 15(3), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.107.005264.
Article Google Scholar
Grabe, S., Hyde, J. S., & Lindberg, S. M. (2007). Body objectification and depression in adolescents: The role of gender, shame, and rumination. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31(2), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00350.x.
Article Google Scholar
Hart, E., Chow, C. M., & Tan, O. C. (2017). Body talk, weight status, and pathological eating behavior in romantic relationships. Appetite, 117, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.012.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Press.
Google Scholar
Homan, K. J., & Tylka, T. L. (2015). Self-compassion moderates body comparison and appearance self-worth's inverse relationships with body appreciation. Body Image, 15, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.04.007.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Jackson, T., & Chen, H. (2015a). Features of objectified body consciousness and sociocultural perspectives as risk factors for disordered eating among late-adolescent women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(4), 741–752. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000096.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Jackson, T., & Chen, H. (2015b). Predictors of cosmetic surgery consideration among young Chinese women and men. Sex Roles, 73(5–6), 214–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0514-9.
Article Google Scholar
Jackson, T., Zheng, P., & Chen, H. (2016). Features of objectified body consciousness and sociocultural perspectives as predictors of eating and body image disturbances among young women and men in China. Journal of Gender Studies, 25(5), 599–612. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2015.1073144.
Article Google Scholar
Johnson, E. A., & O'Brien, K. A. (2013). Self-compassion soothes the savage ego-threat system: Effects on negative affect, shame, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32(9), 939–963. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2013.32.9.939.
Article Google Scholar
Jones, D. C., & Crawford, J. K. (2006). The peer appearance culture during adolescence: Gender and body mass variations. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(2), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-9006-5.
Article Google Scholar
Jones, D. C., Vigfusdottir, T. H., & Lee, Y. (2004). Body image and the appearance culture among adolescent girls and boys: An examination of friend conversations, peer criticism, appearance magazines, and the internalization of appearance ideals. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19(3), 323–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558403258847.
Article Google Scholar
Knauss, C., Paxton, S. J., & Alsaker, F. D. (2008). Body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls: Objectified body consciousness, internalization of the media body ideal and perceived pressure from media. Sex Roles, 59(9–10), 633–643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9474-7.
Article Google Scholar
Lindberg, S. M., Grabe, S., & Hyde, J. S. (2007). Gender, pubertal development, and peer sexual harassment predict objectified body consciousness in early adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17(4), 723–742. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2007.00544.x.
Article Google Scholar
Liss, M., & Erchull, M. J. (2015). Not hating what you see: Self-compassion may protect against negative mental health variables connected to self-objectification in college women. Body Image, 14, 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.02.006.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Manago, A. M., Ward, L. M., Lemm, K. M., Reed, L., & Seabrook, R. (2015). Facebook involvement, objectified body consciousness, body shame, and sexual assertiveness in college women and men. Sex Roles, 72(1–2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-014-0441-1.
Article Google Scholar
McKinley, N. M. (1995). Women and objectified body consciousness: A feminist psychological analysis (Doctoral dissertation). Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Google Scholar
McKinley, N. M. (1998). Gender differences in undergraduates' body esteem: The mediating effect of objectified body consciousness and actual/ideal weight discrepancy. Sex Roles, 39(1–2), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018834001203.
Article Google Scholar
McKinley, N. M. (2006). Longitudinal gender differences in objectified body consciousness and weight-related attitudes and behaviors: Cultural and developmental contexts in the transition from college. Sex Roles, 54(3–4), 159–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9335-1.
Article Google Scholar
McKinley, N. M., & Hyde, J. S. (1996). The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale: Development and validation. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20(2), 181–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00467.x.
Article Google Scholar
Mercurio, A. E., & Landry, L. J. (2008). Self-objectification and well-being: The impact of self-objectification on women’s overall sense of self-worth and life satisfaction. Sex Roles, 58(7–8), 458–466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9357-3.
Article Google Scholar
Mills, J., & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2016). Fat talk and its relationship with body image disturbance. Body Image, 18, 61–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.05.001.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Mills, J., & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2017). Fat talk and body image disturbance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 41(1), 114–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684316675317.
Article Google Scholar
Modica, C. (2019). Facebook, body esteem, and body surveillance in adult women: The moderating role of self-compassion and appearance-contingent self-worth. Body Image, 29, 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.02.002.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Moradi, B. (2010). Addressing gender and cultural diversity in body image: Objectification theory as a framework for integrating theories and grounding research. Sex Roles, 63(1–2), 138–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9824-0.
Article Google Scholar
Moradi, B., & Huang, Y. P. (2008). Objectification theory and psychology of women: A decade of advances and futre directions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32(4), 377–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00452.x.
Article Google Scholar
Moradi, B., & Varnes, J. R. (2017). Structure of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale: Reevaluated 20 years later. Sex Roles, 77(5–6), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0731-x.
Article Google Scholar
Moradi, B., Dirks, D., & Matteson, A. V. (2005). Roles of sexual objectification experiences and internalization of standards of beauty in eating disorder symptomatology: A test and extension of objectification theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(3), 420–428. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.3.420.
Article Google Scholar
Mosewich, A. D., Kowalski, K. C., Sabiston, C. M., Sedgwick, W. A., & Tracy, J. L. (2011). Self-compassion: A potential resource for young women athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33(1), 103–123. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.1.103.
Article Google Scholar
Moya-Garófano, A., & Moya, M. (2019). Focusing on one’s own appearance leads to body shame in women but not men: The mediating role of body surveillance and appearance-contingent self-worth. Body Image, 29, 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.02.008.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Neff, K. D. (2003a). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027.
Article Google Scholar
Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032.
Article Google Scholar
Neff, K. D. (2016). The self-compassion scale is a valid and theoretically coherent measure of self-compassion. Mindfulness, 7(1), 264–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0479-3.
Article Google Scholar
Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S., & Kirkpatrick, K. L. (2007). An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(4), 908–916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.08.002.
Article Google Scholar
Nichter, M., & Vuckovic, N. (1994). Fat talk: Body image among adolescent girls Many mirrors: Body image and social relations. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
Google Scholar
Plastic Surgery Practice. (2017). About face: China’s plastic surgery market grows six times faster than global average. Retrieved from http://www.plasticsurgerypractice.com/2017/08/about-face-chinas-plastic-surgery-market-grows-six-times-faster-than-global-average/. Accessed 24 Feb 2019
Pries, L. (2013). New transnational social spaces: International migration and transnational companies in the early twenty-first century. Oxford: Routledge.
Book Google Scholar
Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-compassion Scale. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18(3), 250–255. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.702.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Rodgers, R. F., Franko, D. L., Donovan, E., Cousineau, T., Yates, K., McGowan, K., ... Lowy, A. S. (2017). Body image in emerging adults: The protective role of self-compassion. Body Image, 22, 148–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.07.003
Rodgers, R. F., Donovan, E., Cousineau, T., Yates, K., McGowan, K., Cook, E., ... Franko, D. L. (2018). BodiMojo: Efficacy of a mobile-based intervention in improving body image and self-compassion among adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(7) 1363–1372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0804-3
Royal, S., Macdonald, D. E., & Dionne, M. M. (2013). Development and validation of the Fat Talk Questionnaire. Body Image, 10(1), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.10.003.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Rudiger, J. A., & Winstead, B. A. (2013). Body talk and body-related co-rumination: Associations with body image, eating attitudes, and psychological adjustment. Body Image, 10(4), 462–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.07.010.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Sirois, F. M., Kitner, R., & Hirsch, J. K. (2015). Self-compassion, affect, and health-promoting behaviors. Health Psychology, 34(6), 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000158.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2002). A test of objectification theory in adolescent girls. Sex Roles, 46(9–10), 343–349. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020232714705.
Article Google Scholar
Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2010). Body image and disordered eating in adolescent girls and boys: A test of objectification theory. Sex Roles, 63(1–2), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9794-2.
Article Google Scholar
Statitca. (2019). Number of social network users in selected countries in 2018 and 2023 (in millions). Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/278341/number-of-social-network-users-in-selected-countries/. Accessed 20 Mar 2019
Sun, Q. Q. (2018). Materialism, self-objectification, and capitalization of sexual attractiveness increase young Chinese women's willingness to consider cosmetic surgery. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02002.
Szymanski, D. M., Moffitt, L. B., & Carr, E. R. (2011). Sexual objectification of women: Advances to theory and research. The Counseling Psychologist, 39(1), 6–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000010378402.
Article Google Scholar
Thompson, J. K., & Stice, E. (2001). Thin-ideal internalization: Mounting evidence for a new risk factor for body-image disturbance and eating pathology. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(5), 181–183. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00144.
Article Google Scholar
Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2015). The role of self-objectification in the mental health of early adolescent girls: Predictors and consequences. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 40(7), 704–711. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsv021.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Tiggemann, M., & Zaccardo, M. (2015). “Exercise to be fit, not skinny”: The effect of fitspiration imagery on women's body image. Body Image, 15, 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.06.003.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Tiggemann, M., Hayden, S., Brown, Z., & Veldhuis, J. (2018). The effect of Instagram “likes” on women’s social comparison and body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 26, 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.07.002.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Tylka, T. L., & Hill, M. S. (2004). Objectification theory as it relates to disordered eating among college women. Sex Roles, 51(11–12), 719–730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-004-0721-2.
Article Google Scholar
Tylka, T. L., & Sabik, N. J. (2010). Integrating social comparison theory and self-esteem within objectification theory to predict women’s disordered eating. Sex Roles, 63(1–2), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9785-3.
Article Google Scholar
Tylka, T. L., Russell, H. L., & Neal, A. A. (2015). Self-compassion as a moderator of thinness-related pressures' associations with thin-ideal internalization and disordered eating. Eating Behaviors, 17, 23–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.12.009.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Vandenbosch, L., & Eggermont, S. (2016). The interrelated roles of mass media and social media in adolescents’ development of an objectified self-concept: A longitudinal study. Communication Research, 43(8), 1116–1140. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215600488.
Article Google Scholar
Walker, M., Thornton, L., De Choudhury, M., Teevan, J., Bulik, C. M., Levinson, C. A., … Zerwas, S. (2015). Facebook use and disordered eating in college-aged women. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(2), 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.026
Wang, Y., Fan, L., Zhu, Y., Yang, J., Wang, C., Gu, L., ... Zhou, H. (2019). Neurogenetic mechanisms of self-compassionate mindfulness: The role of oxytocin-receptor genes. Mindfulness. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01141-7
Wasylkiw, L., Mackinnon, A. L., & Maclellan, A. M. (2012). Exploring the link between self-compassion and body image in university women. Body Image, 9(2), 236–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.01.007.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Webb, J. B., Fiery, M. F., & Jafari, N. (2016). "you better not leave me shaming!": Conditional indirect effect analyses of anti-fat attitudes, body shame, and fat talk as a function of self-compassion in college women. Body Image, 18, 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.04.009.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Wen, H. (2013). Buying beauty: Cosmetic surgery in China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Google Scholar
Woods, H., & Proeve, M. (2014). Relationships of mindfulness, self-compassion, and meditation experience with shame-proneness. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 28(1), 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.28.1.20.
Article Google Scholar
Yang, X., & Mak, W. W. (2017). The differential moderating roles of self-compassion and mindfulness in self-stigma and well-being among people living with mental illness or HIV. Mindfulness, 8(3), 595–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0635-4.
Article Google Scholar
Yang, Y., Guo, Z., Kou, Y., & Liu, B. (2019). Linking self-compassion and prosocial behavior in adolescents: The mediating roles of relatedness and trust. Child Indicators Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-019-9623-2
Zessin, U., Dickhäuser, O., & Garbade, S. (2015). The relationship between self-compassion and well-being: A meta-analysis. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-being, 7(3), 340–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12051.
Article Google Scholar
Zhang, J. (2012). Archival representation in the digital age. Journal of Archival Organization, 10(1), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332748.2012.677671.
Article Google Scholar

Download references

Acknowledgements

The present study was supported by the fund for building world-class universities (disciplines) of Renmin University of China.

The authors thank Dr. Xiaochun Xie for helpful advice on this manuscript and Jia Nie, Yuan Fang, Jinjin Guo, Jiayi Wang, Lipeng Yin and Jie Long for assistance in data collection and data entry.

Funding

This study was supported by fund for building world-class universities (disciplines) of Renmin University of China.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, China
Yuhui Wang, Pan Zeng & Li Lei
School of Educational Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
Xingchao Wang
School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
Jing Yang

Authors

Yuhui Wang
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Xingchao Wang
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Jing Yang
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Pan Zeng
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Li Lei
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Li Lei.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards and ethical approval was obtained from Ethics Committee of Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, Y., Wang, X., Yang, J. et al. Body Talk on Social Networking Sites, Body Surveillance, and Body Shame among Young Adults: The Roles of Self-Compassion and Gender. Sex Roles 82, 731–742 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-019-01084-2

Download citation

Published: 14 August 2019
Issue Date: June 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-019-01084-2

Keywords

Body talk on SNSs
Body surveillance
Body shame
Self-compassion
Gender differences