Skip to main content

Rape Myths and Hookup Culture: An Exploratory Study of U.S. College Students' Perceptions

Sex Roles volume 78, pages 501–514 (2018)Cite this article

Abstract

The present study provides the first known systematic examination of the association of hookup culture endorsement and rape myth acceptance. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to test the primary hypothesis that hookup culture endorsement would be the primary predictor of rape myth acceptance levels among a sample of 422 U.S. college students. Findings indicated the existence of a complex relationship in which rape myth acceptance increases or decreases based upon the form of hookup culture endorsement examined. Beliefs that hookups are harmless and elevate social status increased rape myth acceptance, whereas beliefs that hookups express sexual freedom decreased rape myth acceptance. Furthermore, results supported the hypothesis that hookup culture endorsement was the largest predictor of rape myth acceptance. Consistent with previous studies, the predictive power of gender and religiosity in determining levels of rape myth acceptance were shown to be significant. When controlling for levels of hookup culture endorsement, the explanatory power of these variables decreased, and hookup culture endorsement had the largest effect upon rape myth acceptance levels.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price includes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

  • Ahrens, C. E. (2006). Being silenced: The impact of negative social reactions on the disclosure of rape. American Journal of Community Psychology, 38, 31–34. doi:10.1177/088626001016012002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allison, R., & Risman, B. J. (2014). “It goes hand in hand with the parties”: Race, class, and residence in college student negotiations of hooking up. Sociological Perspectives, 57, 102–123. doi:10.1177/0731121413516608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aosved, A. C., & Long, P. J. (2006). Co-occurrence of rape myth acceptance, sexism, racism, homophobia, ageism, classism, and religious intolerance. Sex Roles, 55, 481–492. doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9101-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, E. A., Hamilton, L., & Sweeney, B. (2006). Sexual assault on campus: A multilevel, integrative approach to party rape. Social Problems, 53, 483–499. doi:10.1525/sp.2006.53.4.483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, E. A., England, P., & Fogarty, A. C. (2012). Accounting for women's orgasm and sexual enjoyment in college hookups and relationships. American Sociological Review, 77, 435–462. doi:10.1177/0003122412445802.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aubrey, J., & Smith, S. (2011). Development and validation of the endorsement of the Hookup Culture Index. Journal of Sex Research, 50, 435–448. doi:10.1080/00224499.2011.637246.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barone, R. P., Wolgemuth, J. R., & Linder, C. (2007). Preventing sexual assault through engaging college men. Journal of College Student Development, 48, 585–594. doi:10.1353/csd.2007.0045.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartoli, A. M., & Clark, M. D. (2006). The dating game: Similarities and differences in dating scripts among college students. Sexuality and Culture, 10, 54–80. doi:10.1007/s12119-006-1026-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, S., & Tinkler, J. (2015). "Me getting plastered and her provoking my eyes": Young people’s attribution of blame for sexual aggression in public drinking spaces. Feminist Criminology, 10, 235–258. doi:10.1177/1557085114541142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beichner, D., & Spohn, C. (2012). Modeling the effects of victim behavior and moral character on prosecutors’ charging decisions in sexual assault case. Violence and Victims, 27, 3–24. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.27.1.3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bernston, M. A., & Hoffman, K. L. (2014). College as context: Influences on interpersonal sexuality scripts. Sexuality and Culture, 18, 149–165. doi:10.1007/s12119-013-9180-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bleecker, E. T., & Murnen, S. K. (2005). Fraternity membership, the display of degrading sexual images of women, and rape myth acceptance. Sex Roles, 53, 487–493. doi:10.1007/s11199-005-7136-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogle, K. A. (2008). Hooking up: Sex, dating, and relationships on campus. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchwald, E., Fletcher, P., & Roth, M. (Eds.). (2005). Transforming a rape culture (2nd ed.). Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burdette, A. M., Ellison, C. G., Hill, T. D., & Glenn, N. (2009). Hooking up at college: Does religion make a difference? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 48, 535–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burt, M. (1980). Cultural myths and support for rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 217–230. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.38.2.217.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. (2013). Sexual subjects: Hooking up in the age of postfeminism (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Department of Sociology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.

  • Carmody, D. C., & Washington, L. M. (2001). Rape myth acceptance among college women: The impact of race and prior victimization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16, 424–436. doi:10.1177/088626001016005003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ching, C. L., & Burke, S. (1999). An assessment of college students' attitudes and empathy toward rape. College Student Journal, 33(4), 573–583.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clay-Warner, J., & Burt, C. H. (2005). Rape reporting after reforms have times really changed? Violence Against Women, 11, 150–176. doi:10.1177/1077801204271566.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clogg, C. C., Petkova, E., & Haritou, A. (1995). Statistical methods for comparing regression coefficients between models. American Journal of Sociology, 100, 1261–1293. doi:10.1086/230638.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cochran, S. D., Mays, V. M., & Leung, L. (1991). Sexual practices of heterosexual Asian-American adults: Implications for risk of HIV infection. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 20, 381–391. doi:10.1007/BF01542618.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Currier, D. M. (2013). Strategic ambiguity protecting emphasized femininity and hegemonic masculinity. Gender and Society, 27, 704–727. doi:10.1177/0891243213493960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dobbin, F., & Kelly, E. L. (2007). How to stop harassment: Professional construction of legal compliance in organizations. American Journal of Sociology, 112, 1203–1243. doi:10.1086/508788.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Du Mont, J., Miller, K., & Myhr, T. L. (2003). The role of "real rape" and "real victim" stereotypes in the police reporting practices of sexually assaulted women. Violence Against Women, 9, 466–486. doi:10.1177/1077801202250960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • England, P., Shafer, E. F., & Fogarty, A. C. (2007). Hooking up and forming romantic relationships on today's college campuses. In M. Kimmel (Ed.), The gendered society reader (pp. 531–547). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Estrich, S. (1986). Rape. Yale Law Journal, 95, 1087–1184. doi:10.2307/796522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feild, H. S. (1978). Attitudes toward rape: A comparative analysis of police, rapists, crisis counselors, and citizens. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 156–179. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.2.156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, S. S., Turner, R. A., & Araujo, K. (1999). Interpersonal context as an influence on sexual timetables of youths: Gender and ethnic effects. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 9, 25–52. doi:10.1207/s15327795jra0901_2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finlay, B. (1985). Right to life vs. the right to die: Some correlates of euthanasia attitudes. Sociology and Social Research, 69, 548–560.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flores, S. A., & Hartlaub, M. G. (1998). Reducing rape myth acceptance in male college students: A meta analysis of intervention studies. Journal of College Student Development, 39, 438–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foubert, J. D. (2000). The longitudinal effects of a rape-prevention program on fraternity men's attitudes, behavioral intent, and behavior. Journal of American College Health, 48, 158–163. doi:10.1080/07448480009595691.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foubert, J. D., & Newberry, J. T. (2006). Effects of two versions of an empathy-based rape prevention program on fraternity men's survivor empathy, attitudes, and behavioral intent to commit rape or sexual assault. Journal of College Student Development, 47, 133–148. doi:10.1353/csd.2006.0016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foubert, J. D., Garner, D. N., & Thaxter, P. J. (2006). An exploration of fraternity culture: Implications for programs to address alcohol-related sexual assault. College Student Journal, 40, 361–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franiuk, R., Seefelt, J., & Vandello, J. (2008). Prevalence of rape myths in headlines and their effects on attitudes toward rape. Sex Roles, 58, 790–801. doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9372-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freitas, D. (2008). Sex and the soul: Juggling sexuality, spirituality, romance, and religion on America's college campuses. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freymeyer, R. H. (1997). Rape myths and religiosity. Sociological Spectrum, 17, 473–489. doi:10.1080/02732173.1997.9982179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giacopassi, D. J., & Dull, R. T. (1986). Gender and racial differences in the acceptance of rape myths within a college population. Sex Roles, 15, 63–75. doi:10.1007/BF00287532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilmartin-Zena, P. (1988). Gender differences in students' attitudes toward rape. Sociological Focus, 21, 279–292. doi:10.1080/00380237.1988.10570526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glenn, N., & Marquardt, E. (2001). Hooking up, hanging out, and hoping for Mr. Right. New York: Institute for American Values.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, K., Bernards, S., Osgood, D. W., Abbey, A., Perks, M., Flynn, A., Dumas, T., & Wells, S. (2014). ‘Blurred lines?’ Sexual aggression and barroom culture. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 38, 1416–1424. doi:10.1111/acer.12356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, N. B., Palileo, G. J., & Johnson, G. D. (1993). Explaining rape victim blame: A test of attribution theory. Sociological Spectrum, 13, 377–392. doi:10.1080/02732173.1993.9982040.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, L., & Armstrong, E. A. (2009). Gendered sexuality in young adulthood double binds and flawed options. Gender and Society, 23, 589–616. doi:10.1177/0891243209345829.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herold, E. S., & Mewhinney, D. K. (1993). Gender differences in casual sex in aids prevention: A survey of dating bars. Journal of Sex Research, 15, 502–516. doi:10.1080/00224499309551676.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertzog, J., & Yeilding, R. (2009). College women's rape awareness and use of commonly advocated risk reduction strategies. College Student Journal, 43, 59–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, P. B., & Hardyman, P. L. (1986). Crime seriousness scales: Public perception and feedback to criminal justice policymaker. Journal of Criminal Justice, 14, 413–431. doi:10.1016/0047-2352(86)90109-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holman, A., & Sillars, A. (2012). Talk about 'hooking up': The influence of college student social networks on non-relationship sex. Health Communication, 27, 205–216. doi:10.1080/10410236.2011.575540.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hyman, C., & Handal, P. J. (2006). Definitions and evaluation of religion and spirituality items by religious professionals: A pilot study. Journal of Religion and Health, 45(2), 264–282. doi:10.1007/s10943-006-9015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jozkowski, K. N., & Peterson, Z. D. (2013). College students and sexual consent: Unique insights. Journal of Sex Research, 50, 517–523. doi:10.1080/00224499.2012.700739.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalish, R. (2013). Masculinities and hooking up: Sexual decision-making at college. Culture, Society and Masculinities, 5, 147–165. doi:10.3149/CSM.0502.147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalof, L. (1993). Rape-supportive attitudes and sexual victimization experiences of sorority and nonsorority women. Sex Roles, 29, 767–780. doi:10.1007/BF00289217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, A. M., & Gorzalka, B. B. (2002). Asian and non-Asian attitudes toward rape, sexual harassment, and sexuality. Sex Roles, 46, 227–238. doi:10.1023/A:1020145815129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kimmel, M. (2008). Guyland: The perilous world where boys become men. New York: HarperCollins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klaw, E. L., Lonsway, K. A., Berg, D. R., Waldo, C. R., Kothari, C., Mazurek, C. J., et al. (2005). Challenging rape culture. Women and Therapy, 28, 47–63. doi:10.1300/J015v28n02_04.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J., Pomeroy, E. C., Yoo, S., & Rheinboldt, K. T. (2005). Attitudes toward rape: A comparison between Asian and caucasian college students. Violence Against Women, 11, 177–196. doi:10.1177/1077801204271663.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lonsway, K. A., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (1994). Rape myths in review. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18, 133–164. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00469.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LSU Division of Strategic Communications. (2015). Fall facts 2015. Louisiana State University, Office of Budget and Planning, Baton Rouge. Retrieved from http://www.lsu.edu/bgtplan/facts/pdfs/2015-fallfacts.pdf.

  • Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications of cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, P. Y., & Hummer, R. A. (1989). Fraternities and rape on campus. Gender and Society, 3, 457–473. doi:10.1177/089124389003004004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMahon, S. (2010). Rape myth beliefs and bystander attitudes among incoming college students. Journal of American College Health, 59, 3–11. doi:10.1080/07448481.2010.483715.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McMahon, S., & Farmer, G. L. (2011). An updated measure for assessing subtle rape myths. Social Work Research, 35, 71–81. doi:10.1093/swr/35.2.71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melanson, P. K. (1999). Belief in male rape myths: A test of two competing theories (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A & I. (NQ31935).

  • Monto, M. A., & Carey, A. G. (2014). A new standard of sexual behavior? Are claims associated with the "hookup culture" supported by general social survey data? Journal of Sex Research, 51, 605–615. doi:10.1080/00224499.2014.906031.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC). (2015). Statistics about sexual violence. Retrieved from http://www.nsvrc.org/publications/nsvrc-publications-fact-sheets/media-packet-statistics-about-sexual-violence.

  • Nielsen, L. B. (2000). Situating legal consciousness: Experiences and attitudes of ordinary citizens about law and street harassment. Law and Society Review, 34, 1055–1090.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, L. B. (2006). License to harass: Law, hierarchy, and offensive public speech. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen, J. J., Rhodes, G. K., Stanley, S. M., & Fincham, F. D. (2010). 'Hooking up' among college students: Demographic and psychosocial correlates. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 653–663. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9414-1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Page, A. D. (2008). Gateway to reform? Policy implications of police officers' attitudes towards rape. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 33, 44–58. doi:10.1007/s12103-007-9024-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, E. L., & Hayes, K. A. (2002). The casualties of "casual" sex: A qualitative exploration of the phenomenology of college students' hookups. Journal of Social and Personal Relationship, 19, 639–661. doi:10.1177/0265407502195006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul, E. L., McManus, B., & Hayes, A. (2000). Hook-ups': Characteristics and correlates of college students' spontaneous and anonymous sexual experiences. Journal of Sex Research, 37, 76–88. doi:10.1080/00224490009552023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne, D., Lonsway, K., & Fitzgerald, L. (1999). Rape myth acceptance: Exploration of its structures and its measurement using the Illinois rape myth acceptance scale. Journal of Research in Personality, 33, 27–68. doi:10.1006/jrpe.1998.2238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, N. D. (2016). Beyond blurred lines: Rape culture in popular media. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, J. A., Elliott, S., & Webber, G. R. (2011). Casual hookups to formal dates refining the boundaries of the sexual double standard. Gender and Society, 25, 545–568. doi:10.1177/0891243211418642.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D. T., Gibson-Beverly, G., & Schwartz, J. P. (2004). Sorority and fraternity membership and religious behaviors: Relation to gender attitudes. Sex Roles, 50, 871–877. doi:10.1023/B:SERS.0000029104.87813.d5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ronen, S. (2010). Grinding on the dance floor gendered scripts and sexualized dancing at college parties. Gender and Society, 24, 355–377. doi:10.1177/0891243210369894.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rupp, L. J., Taylor, V., Regey-Messalem, S., Fogarty, A., & England, P. (2013). Queer women in the hookup scene: Beyond the closet? Gender and Society, 28, 212–235. doi:10.1177/0891243213510782.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sable, M. R., Danis, F., Mauzy, D. L., & Gallagher, S. K. (2006). Barriers to reporting sexual assault for women and men: Perspectives of college students. Journal of American College Health, 55, 157–162. doi:10.3200/JACH.55.3.157-162.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sapp, M., Farrell Jr., W. C., Johnson Jr., J. H., & Hitchcock, K. (1999). Attitudes toward rape among African American male and female college students. Journal of Couseling and Development, 77, 204–208. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1999.tb02441.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, M. D., DeKeseredy, W. S., Tait, D., & Alvi, S. (2001). Male peer support and a feminist routine activities theory: Understanding sexual assault on the college campus. Justice Quarterly, 18, 623–649. doi:10.1080/07418820100095041.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott-Sheldon, L. A., Carey, K. B., & Carey, M. P. (2008). Health behavior and college students: Does greek affiliation matter? Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 61–70. doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9136-1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scully, D., & Marolla, J. (1985). “Riding the bull at Gilley’s”: Convicted rapists describe the rewards of rape. Social Problems, 32, 251–263. doi:10.2307/800685.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sleath, E., & Bull, R. (2012). Comparing rape victim and perpetrator blaming in a police officer sample: Differences between police officers with and without special training. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39, 642–661. doi:10.1177/0093854811434696.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stinson, R. D. (2010). Hooking up in young adulthood: A review of factors influecing the sexual behavior of college students. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 24, 98–115. doi:10.1080/87568220903558596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sweeney, B. (2014a). Masculine status, sexual performance, and the sexual stigmatization of Women. Symbolic Interaction, 37(3), 369–390. doi:10.1002/symb.113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sweeney, B. (2014b). To sexually perform or protect: Masculine identity construction and perceptions of women’s sexuality on a university campus in the midwestern USA. Gender, Place and Culture, 21, 1108–1124. doi:10.1080/0966369X.2013.817968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tinkler, J. E. (2008). “People are too quick to take offense”: The effects of legal information and beliefs on definitions of sexual harassment. Law and Social Inquiry, 33, 417–445. doi:10.1111/j.1747-4469.2008.00108.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tinkler, J. E., Becker, S., & Clayton, K. A. (2016). “Kind of natural, kind of wrong”: Young people’s beliefs about the morality, legality, and normalcy of sexual aggression in public drinking settings. Law and Social Inquiry. doi:10.1111/lsi.12235.

  • Uecker, J. E. (2008). Religion, pledging, and the premarital sexual behavior of married young adults. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70, 728–744. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00517.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vonderhaar, R. L., & Carmody, D. C. (2015). There are no "innocent victims": The influence of just world beliefs and prior victimization of rape myth acceptance. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30, 1615–1632. doi:10.1177/0886260514549196.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wade, L. (2017). American hookup: The new culture of sex on campus. New York: W.W. Norton & Co..

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, C. A. (1995). Attitudes toward rape: Feminist and social psychological perspectives. London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, S. K., Chapman, K., Cohn, E., White, S., & Williams, K. (1991). Acquaintance rape and the college social scene. Family Relations, 40, 65–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weinberg, M. S., & Williams, C. J. (1988). Black sexuality: A test of two theories. Journal of Sex Research, 25, 197–218. doi:10.1080/00224498809551455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkins, A. C. (2012). Stigma and status interracial intimacy and intersectional identities among Black college men. Gender and Society, 26, 165–189. doi:10.1177/0891243211434613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, L. C., & Miller, K. E. (2016). Meta-analysis of the prevalence of unacknowledged rape. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 17, 149–159. doi:10.1177/1524838015576391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wylie, L., & Forest, J. (1992). Religious fundamentalism, right-wing authoritarianism and prejudice. Psychological Reports, 7, 1291–1298. doi:10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3f.1291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zullig, K. J., Ward, R. M., & Horne, T. (2006). The association between perceived spirituality, religiosity, and life satisfaction: The mediating role of self-rated health. Social Indicators Research, 79, 225–274. doi:10.1007/s11205-005-4127-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology, Louisiana State University, 126 Stubbs Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Timothy T. Reling, Michael S. Barton, Sarah Becker & Matthew A. Valasik

Authors
  1. Timothy T. Reling
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael S. Barton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sarah Becker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Matthew A. Valasik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Timothy T. Reling.

Ethics declarations

There were no potential conflicts of interest regarding this research. All subjects had the option to decline participation in the study. To mitigate psychological harm, subjects were administered a list of local mental health services to contact should the need have arisen.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOCX 28 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Reling, T.T., Barton, M.S., Becker, S. et al. Rape Myths and Hookup Culture: An Exploratory Study of U.S. College Students' Perceptions. Sex Roles 78, 501–514 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0813-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0813-4

Keywords

  • Rape myths
  • Hookup culture
  • Gender