Abstract
The aim of this article is to demonstrate the efficacy of a fine-grained, discursive-narrative approach in the investigation of the use of prejudicial expressions in defense of emerging masculine identities in conversational interaction. The processes of masculinity construction by an adolescent, Kev, who used a prejudicial expression to bring a pejorative ‘small’ story to a climax, are examined in detail. Although immediate interlocutor responses were subdued and subtle, an explicit delayed response is followed-up by a repositioning of Kev as an ‘undesirable other,’ to which Kev constructs another small story as a counter-response. It is argued such an interactional approach to prejudice illuminates actors’ social-action goals in real time and could lead to the formulation of more sensitive interventions.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
The names of participants and places that could locate them are pseudonyms.
References
Antaki, C. (1994). Explaining and arguing: The social organization of accounts. London: Sage.
Antaki, C. (2003). The uses of absurdity. In H. van den Berg, M. Wetherell, & Houtkoop-Steenstra, H. (Eds.), Analyzing race talk: Multidisciplinary approaches to the interview (pp. 85–102). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Bamberg, M. (1997). Positioning between structure and performance. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 7, 335–342.
Bamberg, M. (1999). Is there anything behind discourse? Narrative and the local accomplishment of identities. In W. Maiers, B. Bayer, B. Duarte Esgalhado, R. Jorna, & E. Schraube (Eds.), Challenges to theoretical psychology. Selected/edited proceedings of the 7th Biennial Conference of the International Society for Theoretical Psychology, Berlin, 1997 (pp. 220–227). North York, Ontario, Canada: Captus University Publications.
Bamberg, M. (2000). Narrative identity. Narrative Inquiry, 10, 1(special issue).
Bamberg, M. (2004a). “I know it may sounds mean to say this, but we couldn’t really care less about her anyway.” Form and functions of “slut-bashing” in male identity constructions in 15-year-olds. Human Development, 47, 331–353.
Bamberg, M. (2004b). Narrative discourse and identities. In J. C. Meister, T. Kindt, W. Schernus, & M. Stein (Eds.), Narratology beyond literary criticism (pp. 351–371). Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Billig, M. (2002). Henri Tajfel’s ‘Cognitive aspects of prejudice’ and the psychology of bigotry. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 171–188.
Billings, L. S., Vescio, T. K., & Biernat, M. (2000). Race-based social judgment by minority perceivers. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(2), 221–240.
Brockmeier, J., & Carbaugh, D. (Eds.). (2001). Narrative and identity: Studies in autobiography, self and culture. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. London: Routledge.
Coates, J. (2003). Men talk: Stories in the making of masculinities. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. Oxford, England: Polity.
Depperman, A. (2006). Using the other for oneself: Conversational practices of representing out-group members among adolescents. In A. De Fina, M. Bamberg, & D. Schiffrin (Eds.), Talk and identity in narratives and discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins (in press).
Durrheim, K., & Dixon, J. (2004). Attitudes in everday life: The discourse of racial evaluation and the lived experience of desegregation. American Psychologist, 59(7), 626–636.
Edley, N., & Wetherell, M. (1997). Jockeying for position: The construction of masculine identities. Discourse & Society, 8(2), 203–217.
Edwards, D., & Potter, J. (1992). Discursive psychology. London: Sage.
Fazio, R. H., & Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. R. (2005). Acting as we feel: When and how attitudes guide behavior. In T. C. Brock & M. C. Green (Eds.), Persuasion: Psychological insights and perspectives (2nd ed., pp. 41–62). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Georgakopoulou, A. (2002). Narrative and identity management: Discourse and social identities in a tale of tomorrow. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 35(4), 427–451.
Georgakopoulou, A. (2006). The other side of the story: Towards a narrative analysis of narratives-in-interaction. Discourse Studies, 8(2), 265–287.
Goodwin, C. (2003). Embedded context. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 36(4), 323–350.
Gough, B. (2001). ‘Biting your tongue’: Negotiating masculinities in contemporary Britain. Journal of Gender Studies, 10(2), 169–185.
Heritage, J. (1984). A change-of-state-token and aspects of its sequential placement. In J. M. Maxwell & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structures of social action: Studies in conversation analysis (pp. 299–345) New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hopper, P. J. (1998). Emergent grammar. In M. Tomasello (Ed.), The new psychology of language: Cognitive and functional approaches to language structure (pp. 155–176). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Hopper, R., & LeBaron, C. (1998). How gender creeps into talk. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 31(1), 59–74.
Hsieh, E. (2004). Stories in action and the dialogic management of identities: Storytelling in transplant support group meetings. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 37(1), 39–70.
Korobov, N. (2004). Inoculating against prejudice: A discursive approach to homophobia and sexism in adolescent male talk. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 5(2), 178–189.
LaPiere, R. T. (1934). Attitudes versus actions. Social Forces, 13, 230–237.
Lawrence, S. G. (1996). Normalizing stigmatized practices: achieving co-membership by “doing being ordinary.” Research on Language and Social Interaction, 29(3), 181–218.
Malone, M. J. (1997). Worlds of talk: The presentation of self in everyday conversation. Cambridge, England: Polity.
Mandelbaum, J. (2003). How to “do things” with narrative: A communication perspective on narrative skill. In J. O. Greene & B. R. Burleson (Eds.), Handbook of communication and social interaction skills (pp. 595–633). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Maybin, J. (1996). Story voices: The use of reported speech in ten- to twelve-year-olds’ spontaneous narratives. Current Issues in Language and Society, 3(1), 36–48.
McKenzie, K. (2003). Discursive psychology and the “New Racism.” Human Studies, 26, 461–491.
Moissinac, L. (2006). “Mr. Lanoe hit on my mom” : Re-establishment of believability In sequential narratives by adolescent boys. In A. De Fina, M. Bamberg, & D. Schiffrin (Eds.), Talk and identity in narratives and discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins (in press).
Norrick, N. (2001). Discourse markers in oral narrative. Journal of Pragmatics, 33, 849–878.
Ochs, E., & Capps, L. (2001). Living narrative: Creating lives in everyday storytelling. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Pleck, J. H. (1981). The myth of masculinity. Cambridge, MA: MIT.
Pomerantz, A. (1986). Extreme case formulations: A way of legitimizing claims. Human Studies, 9, 219–229.
Potter, J. (1996). Representing reality: Discourse, rhetoric and social construction. London: Sage.
Potter, J., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Discourse and social psychology: Beyond attitudes and behaviour. London: Sage.
Rothbart, M., Dawes, R., & Park, B. (1984). Stereotyping and sampling biases in intergroup perception. In J. R. Eiser (Ed.), Attitudinal judgement (pp. 109–134). Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer.
Schiffrin, D. (1987). Discourse markers. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Speer, S., & Potter, J. (2000). The management of heterosexist talk: Conversational resources and prejudiced claims. Discourse & Society, 11(4), 543–572.
Tajfel, H. (1969). Cognitive aspects of prejudice. Journal of Social Issues, 25, 79–97.
Tajfel, H. (2001). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. In M. A. Hogg & D. Abrams (Eds.), Intergroup relations: Essential readings (pp.178–187). New York: Psychology.
Tajfel, H., & Forgas, J. P. (2000). Social categorization: Cognitions, values and groups. In C. Stangor (Ed.), Stereotypes and prejudice: Essential readings (pp. 49–63). New York: Psychology.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of social conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Tannen, D. (1989). Talking voices: Repetition, dialogue, and imagery in conversational discourse. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Taylor, C. (1989). Sources of the self: The making of modern identity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Taylor, S. E., & Falcone, H. (1982). Cognitive bases of stereotyping: The relationship between categorization and prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8, 426–432.
Tomasello, M. (Ed.). (1998). The new psychology of language: Cognitive and functional approaches to language structure. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
van den Berg, H., Wetherell, M., & Houtkoop-Steenstra, H. (2003). Analyzing race talk: Multidisciplinary approaches to the interview. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Walker, D. F., Tokar, D. M., & Fischer, A. R. (2000). What are eight popular masculinity-related instruments measuring? Underlying dimensions and their relations to sociosexuality. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 1(2), 98–108.
Wetherell, M., & Potter, J. (1992). Mapping the language of racism: Discourse and the legitimation of exploitation. New York: Harvester-Wheatsheaf.
Wicker, A. W. (1969). Attitudes versus actions: The relationship of verbal and overt behavioral responses to attitude objects. Journal of Social Issues, 25, 41–78.
Acknowledgements
An earlier, shorter version of this chapter was presented at the Georgetown Linguistics Society Conference which was held in Washington, DC., in February 2005.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix
Appendix
Transcription Conventions
- (.):
-
Pause
- =:
-
Latching of successive talk
- -:
-
Interruption/cut-off
- [overlap]:
-
Overlapping speech
- No::::
-
Elongation of prior syllable
- ↑:
-
Rising intonation
- ↓:
-
Falling intonation
- °quieter°:
-
Quieter than surrounding talk
- emphasis :
-
Emphasis
- LOUD:
-
Strong emphasis
- >faster<:
-
Accelerated talk
- <slower>:
-
Drawn out talk
- ((...)):
-
Talk unclear or inaudible
- {comments}:
-
Comments by transcriber including paralinguistics/non-verbals
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Moissinac, L. Prejudicial Expressions in Defense of Adolescent Masculine Identities in Interaction. Sex Roles 55, 609–619 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9117-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9117-9