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Scientometric analysis of scientific publications in CSCW

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Abstract

Over the last decades, CSCW research has undergone significant structural changes and has grown steadily with manifested differences from other fields in terms of theory building, methodology, and socio-technicality. This paper provides a quantitative assessment of the scientific literature for mapping the intellectual structure of CSCW research and its scientific development over a 15-year period (2001–2015). A total of 1713 publications were subjected to examination in order to draw statistics and depict dynamic changes to shed new light upon the growth, spread, and collaboration of CSCW devoted outlets. Overall, our study characterizes top (cited and downloaded) papers, citation patterns, prominent authors and institutions, demographics, collaboration patterns, most frequent topic clusters and keywords, and social mentions by country, discipline, and professional status. The results highlight some areas of improvement for the field and a lot of well-established topics which are changing gradually with impact on citations and downloads. Statistical models reveal that the field is predominantly influenced by fundamental and highly recognized scientists and papers. A small number of papers without citations, the growth of the number of papers by year, and an average number of more than 39 citations per paper in all venues ensure the field a healthy and evolving nature. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of the influence of CSCW on the larger field of HCI.

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Fig. 1

Adapted from Cruz et al. (2012)

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  1. University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, Vila Real, Portugal

    António Correia, Hugo Paredes & Benjamim Fonseca

  2. INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal

    António Correia, Hugo Paredes & Benjamim Fonseca

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  1. António Correia
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  2. Hugo Paredes
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  3. Benjamim Fonseca
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Correspondence to António Correia.

Appendix

Appendix

Comparison of data sources for citation analysis

Some preliminary work has described GS as a freely available service that covers more publications than the “very expensive, subscription-based” WoS and Scopus databases. These sources constitute useful and scientifically valid data sources for bibliometric analysis (Mikki 2009) but only comprise citations related to journal papers and conference proceedings. Comparatively, GS additionally indexes book chapters, books, theses and dissertations, workshops, technical reports, amongst a vast set of scholarly documents. GS allows a researcher with limited access to commercial databases perform a bibliometric exercise without geographic or linguistic barriers (Meho and Rogers 2008). It is also worth mentioning that some advantages of the GS algorithm can be found on document detection and filtering, free access to files and websites of institutions and researchers, and indexing of the same set of documents covered by proprietary databases. In this context, GS can be “perhaps one of the largest scientific bibliographic databases” (Aguillo 2011) with fast and very broadly full text search capabilities (Jacsó 2012). Notwithstanding these advantages, a lack of control over its contents defines this service as a “noisy database” that implies a complex and time-consuming data cleaning task for evaluation purposes. GS negative aspects are mainly associated with its software resources, including an inadequate clustering of identical citations that result in duplications, inability to detect all authors, inflated counting of citations, and other problems caused by automatic indexing (Jacsó 2008). Its search engine is designed to return only the most significant results, showing a low degree of control to search systematically (Mikki 2009).

Comparing with WoS, GS results resemble this subscription-based tool while covering a broader universe of metadata for multi-language documents, while books receive high citation rates. GS extracts citations automatically from reference lists, whilst citation data is manually handled to some extent in the WoS database (Mikki 2009). Some older papers (not published in the WWW) are not susceptible to indexation by GS (Neuhaus et al. 2006). In addition, a lower index of WoS for books and conference papers can be limitative for bibliometrics. This is particularly noted in the sample chosen in this study, where only GS provided data for all publications. Looking at the results provided by Meho and Yang (2007), all these services are valuable for performing bibliometrics studies with a small overlap in citations and an analogous operation mode. GS and WoS rank groups of scholars in a similar way, and both services present speediness in the searching process. GS provides more citations than WoS and Scopus, identifying a higher number of unique citations that can be helpful for presenting evidence on broader intellectual and international impacts. In addition, Bauer and Bakkalbasi (2005) did not find significant differences between WoS and Scopus. A positive relationship between their rank was documented by Archambault et al. (2009) arguing that “the outputs (papers) and impacts (citations) of countries obtained from the two databases are extremely correlated” despite content and coverage differences in terms of scope and volume. Criticisms in the literature against Scopus have been based on its systematic coverage for Elsevier’s journals, presenting only citation data related to 1996 and beyond (Aguillo 2011). Despite some findings suggesting that, for HCI, more valid citation data can be achievable by using Scopus than WoS (Meho and Rogers 2008), depth and length of coverage have been disappointing for various Scopus journals. Furthermore, Scopus comprises a short time span and critical gaps underlying the coverage of lower-quality publications (Jacsó 2012).

The ACM-DL contains an archive with over 400,000 full-text articles and more than 18,000 new full-text entries added each year, ranging from journals and technical magazines to conference proceedings published by the Association for Computing Machinery. In addition, ACM-DL also provides easy access to bibliometric data (e.g., citation count) and altmetrics (e.g., number of downloads). Recently, SpringerLink also introduced altmetrics to measure the scientific impact of its covered publications on social media. Both services remain updated and provide mechanisms for information seeking. Another comparison between GS and ResearchGate revealed that the last one “found less citations than did Google Scholar but more than both Web of Science and Scopus” (Thelwall and Kousha 2017). At the same time, Mendeley was characterized as an “useful tool for tracking the impact of both conference papers and journal articles in computer science” (Aduku et al. 2017).

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Correia, A., Paredes, H. & Fonseca, B. Scientometric analysis of scientific publications in CSCW. Scientometrics 114, 31–89 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2562-0

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