Skip to main content

Facebook in educational research: a bibliometric analysis

Scientometrics volume 111, pages 1591–1621 (2017)Cite this article

Abstract

Facebook has become the object of research in different areas. The present study presents a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature related to the use of this social network in educational research. To this end, bibliometric techniques were applied in the analysis of scientific articles indexed at the Web of Science Core Collection, from Thomson Reuters, and linked to the research areas of Education/Educational Research. This resulted in the identification of, among others, developments in scientific production, the most important journals that publish papers on the topic, the main authors and the main articles published in the area. The results indicate the growth of scientific production in the area from 2008 onwards, pointing to Computers and Education as the most relevant journal by number of publications (22) and impact factor and indicate that authors from the United States, Australia, Taiwan, United Kingdom and South Africa stand out in the construction of knowledge on educational research applying Facebook. Moreover, the ego-network of the Educational Research area shows that this area coexists with other areas of knowledge in the use of social networking, such as Computer Science, Linguistics and Health Sciences, indicating an interdisciplinary and transversal nature in different areas of research.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

References

  • Ahn, J. (2011). The effect of social network sites on adolescents’ social and academic development: Current theories and controversies. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(8), 1435–1445. doi:10.1002/asi.21540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Bahrani, A., & Patel, D. (2015). Incorporating Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook in economics classrooms. Journal of Economic Education, 46(1), 56–67. doi:10.1080/00220485.2014.978922.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alhabash, S., Chiang, Y. H., & Huang, K. (2014). MAM & U&G in Taiwan: Differences in the uses and gratifications of Facebook as a function of motivational reactivity. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 423–430. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.033.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Appio, F. P., Martini, A., Massa, S., & Testa, S. (2016). Unveiling the intellectual origins of social media-based innovation: Insights from a bibliometric approach. Scientometrics, 108(1), 355–388. doi:10.1007/s11192-016-1955-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baran, K. S., & Stock, W. G. (2015). Interdependencies between acceptance and quality perceptions of social network services: The standard-dependent user blindness. Paper presented at the proceedings of the 9th international multi-conference on society, cybernetics and informatics, Orlando, USA.

  • Blessing, S. B., Blessing, J. S., & Fleck, B. K. B. (2012). Using Twitter to reinforce classroom concepts. Teaching of Psychology, 39(4), 268–271. doi:10.1177/0098628312461484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bosch, T. E. (2009). Using online social networking for teaching and learning: Facebook use at the University of Cape Town (Vol. 35, pp. 185–200). Communicatio: South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210–230. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cain, J. (2008). Online social networking issues within academia and pharmacy education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 72(1), 10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cain, J., & Policastri, A. (2011). Using Facebook as an informal learning environment. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 75(10), 8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheung, C. M. K., Chiu, P.-Y., & Lee, M. K. O. (2011). Online social networks: Why do students use facebook? Computers in Human Behavior, 27(4), 1337–1343. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.028.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dabner, N. (2012). ‘Breaking Ground’in the use of social media: A case study of a university earthquake response to inform educational design with Facebook. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(1), 69–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Pinho, L. A., Mota, F. B., Conde, M. V. F., Alves, L. A., & Lopes, R. M. (2015). Mapping knowledge produced on problem-based learning between 1945 and 2014: A bibliometric analysis. Creative Education, 6, 576–584. doi:10.4236/ce.2015.66057.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Vargas, L. S., Soares de Lara, M. V., Goncalves, R., das Neves, B.-H. S., & Mello-Carpes, P. B. (2014). The use of Facebook as a tool to increase the interest of undergraduate students in physiology in an interdisciplinary way. Advances in Physiology Education, 38(3), 273–276. doi:10.1152/advan.00015.2014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng, L., & Tavares, N. J. (2013). From moodle to Faceook: Exploring student’s motivation and experience in online communities. Computer & Education, 68, 167–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2011). Connection strategies: Social capital implications of Facebook-enabled communication practices. New Media & Society, 13(6), 873–892. doi:10.1177/1461444810385389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Escobar-Rodríguez, T., Carvajal-Trujillo, E., & Monge-Lozano, P. (2014). Factors that influence the perceived advantages and relevance of Facebook as a learning tool: An extension of the UTAUT. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 30(2), 136–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Estus, E. L. (2010). Using Facebook within a geriatric pharmacotherapy course. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 74(8), 5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friesen, N., & Lowe, S. (2012). The questionable promise of social media for education: Connective learning and the commercial imperative. Journal of Computer Assisted learning, 28(3), 183–194. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00426.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • George, D. R. (2011). “Friending Facebook?” A minicourse on the use of social media by health professionals. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 31(3), 215–219. doi:10.1002/chp.20129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gikas, J., & Grant, M. M. (2013). Mobile computing devices in higher education: Student perspectives on learning with cellphones, smartphones and social media. Internet and Higher Education, 19, 18–26. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2013.06.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glanzel, W., & Moed, H. F. (2002). Journal impact measures in bibliometric research. Scientometrics, 53(2), 171–193. doi:10.1023/a:1014848323806.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, K., Annabell, L., & Kennedy, G. (2010). Medical students’ use of Facebook to support learning: Insights from four case studies. Medical Teacher, 32(12), 971–976. doi:10.3109/0142159x.2010.497826.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenhow, C., Robelia, B., & Hughes, J. E. (2009). Learning, teaching, and scholarship in a digital age web 2.0 and classroom research: What path should we take now? Educational Researcher, 38(4), 246–259. doi:10.3102/0013189x09336671.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hew, K. F. (2011). Students’ and teachers’ use of Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(2), 662–676. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.11.020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, A., & Forte, A. (2006). Crossing boundaries: Identify management and student/faculty relationships on the Facebook. Georgia Institute of Technology. Retrieved from http://andreaforte.net/HewittForteCSCWPoster2006.pdf.

  • Judd, T. (2014). Making sense of multitasking: The role of Facebook. Computers & Education, 70, 194–202. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.08.013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Junco, R. (2012). The relationship between frequency of Facebook use, participation in Facebook activities, and student engagement. Computers & Education, 58(1), 162–171. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.08.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kabilan, M. K., Ahmad, N., & Abidin, M. J. Z. (2010). Facebook: An online environment for learning of English in institutions of higher education? Internet and Higher Education, 13(4), 179–187. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.07.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirschner, P. A., & Karpinski, A. C. (2010). Facebook (R) and academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1237–1245. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.024.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lampe, C., Wohn, D. Y., Vitak, J., Ellison, N. B., & Wash, R. (2011). Student use of Facebook for organizing collaborative classroom activities. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 6(3), 329–347. doi:10.1007/s11412-011-9115-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lenhart, A. (2012). Teens, smartphones and texting. Retrieved from Washington DC: http://www.pewinternet.org/2012/03/19/teens-smartphones-texting/.

  • Li, X. Q., & Chen, W. H. (2014). Facebook or Renren ? A comparative study of social networking site use and social capital among Chinese international students in the United States. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 116–123. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madge, C., Meek, J., Wellens, J., & Hooley, T. (2009). Facebook, social integration and informal learning at university: ‘It is more for socialising and talking to friends about work than for actually doing work’. Learning Media and Technology, 34(2), 141–155. doi:10.1080/17439880902923606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maisonneuve, H., Chambe, J., Lorenzo, M., & Pelaccia, T. (2015). How do general practice residents use social networking sites in asynchronous distance learning? BMC Medical Education. doi:10.1186/s12909-015-0435-x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manca, S., & Ranieri, M. (2013). Is it a tool suitable for learning? A critical review of the literature on Facebook as a technology-enhanced learning environment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(6), 487–504. doi:10.1111/jcal.12007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manca, S., & Ranieri, M. (2016). Facebook and the others. Potentials and obstacles of Social Media for teaching in higher education. Computers & Education, 95 ,216–230. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2016.01.012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mason, R. (2006). Learning technologies for adult continuing education. Studies in Continuing Education, 28(2), 121–133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazer, J. P., Murphy, R. E., & Simonds, C. J. (2007). I’ll see you on “facebook”: The effects of computer-mediated teacher self-disclosure on student motivation, affective learning, and classroom climate. Communication Education, 56(1), 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazman, S. G., & Usluel, Y. K. (2010). Modeling educational usage of Facebook. Computers & Education, 55(2), 444–453. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy, J. (2010). Blended learning environments: Using social networking sites to enhance the first year experience. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 26(6), 729–740.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGee, J. B., & Begg, M. (2008). What medical educators need to know about “Web 2.0”. Medical Teacher, 30(2), 164–169. doi:10.1080/01421590701881673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLoughlin, C., & Lee, M. J. W. (2008). The Three P´s for the networked society: Personalization, participation, and productivity. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 20, 10–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Messias, I., & Morgado, L. (2014). Facebook plus moodle: Environments to foster students’ involvement in distance learning. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation (ICERI), Seville, Spain.

  • Miron, E., & Ravid, G. (2015). Facebook groups as an academic teaching aid: Case study and recommendations for educators. Educational Technology & Society, 18(4), 371–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olivier, S. (2009). Social network analysis. Washington, DC: Asian Development Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pempek, T. A., Yermolayeva, Y. A., & Calvert, S. L. (2009). College students’ social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 227–238. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, T., Araiza, M. J., & Doerfer, C. (2013). Using facebook for learning: A case study on the perception of students in higher education. Paper presented at the 4th International Conference on New Horizons in Education.

  • Pimmer, C., Linxen, S., & Grohbiel, U. (2012). Facebook as a learning tool? A case study on the appropriation of social network sites from mobile phones in developing countries. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(5), 726–738. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01351.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 1 (Vol. 9, pp. 1–6). London: On the Horizon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rambe, P. (2013). Converged social media: Identity management and engagement on Facebook Mobile and blogs. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 29(3), 315–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roblyer, M. D., McDaniel, M., Webb, M., Herman, J., & Witty, J. V. (2010). Findings on Facebook in higher education: A comparison of college faculty and student uses and perceptions of social networking sites. Internet and Higher Education, 13(3), 134–140. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.03.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, S. D., et al. (2010). Mapping the knowledge utilization field in nursing from 1945 to 2004: A bibliometric analysis. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 7(4), 226–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selwyn, N. (2009). Faceworking: Exploring students’ education-related use of Facebook. Learning Media and Technology, 34(2), 157–174. doi:10.1080/17439880902923622.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tess, P. A. (2013). The role of social media in higher education classes (real and virtual)—A literature review. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(5), A60–A68. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.032.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, L. A., Dawson, K., Ferdig, R., Black, E. W., Boyer, J., Coutts, J., et al. (2008). The intersection of online social networking with medical professionalism. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23(7), 954–957. doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0538-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasconcellos, A. G., & Morel, C. M. (2012). Enabling policy planning and innovation management through patent information and co-authorship network analyses: A study of tuberculosis in Brazil. PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, S., & Noe, R. A. (2010). Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for future research. Human Resource Management Review, 20(2), 115–131. doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.10.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Q., Woo, H. L., Quek, C. L., Yang, Y., & Liu, M. (2012). Using the Facebook group as a learning management system: An exploratory study. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(3), 428–438. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2011.01195.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan, Z., Dan, H., & Yoonmo, S. (2013). Facebook as a platform for health information and communication: A case study of a diabetes group. Journal of Medical Systems, 37, 9942. doi:10.1007/s10916-013-9942-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoo, S. J., & Huang, W. D. (2011). Comparison of Web 2.0 technology acceptance level based on cultural differences. Educational Technology & Society, 14(4), 241–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, A. Y., Tian, S. W., Vogel, D., & Kwok, R. C. W. (2010). Can learning be virtually boosted? an investigation of online networking impacts. Computer & Education, 55(4), 1494–1503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank CNPq, CAPES and FAPERJ for their support through funding and scholarships.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Comunicação Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Renato Matos Lopes, Daniel José Garcia dos Santos de Faria & Antonio Augusto Fidalgo-Neto

  2. Vice-Presidência de Pesquisa e Laboratórios de Referência, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fabio Batista Mota

Authors
  1. Renato Matos Lopes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Daniel José Garcia dos Santos de Faria
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Antonio Augusto Fidalgo-Neto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Fabio Batista Mota
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Renato Matos Lopes.

Appendix

Appendix

Articles Inserted For Bibliometric Analysis (n = 208)

  1. 1.

    Aaen, J., & Dalsgaard, C. (2016). Student Facebook groups as a third space: between social life and schoolwork. Learning, Media and Technology, 41(1), 160–186.

  2. 2.

    Aagaard, J. (2015). Drawn to distraction: a qualitative study of off-task use of educational technology. Computers & Education, 87, 90–97.

  3. 3.

    Abúndez Nájera, E., Fernández Santos, F., Meza De la Hoz, L. E., & Alamo Bernal, M. C. (2015). Facebook as an educational tool in the teaching–learning process in high school. Zona Próxima, (22), 116–127.

  4. 4.

    Adalikwu, C. (2013). An exploratory study of Facebook integration into classroom management. Hrvatski časopis za odgoj i obrazovanje, 15(4), 1057–1068.

  5. 5.

    Ahn, J. (2011). Digital divides and social network sites: Which students participate in social media? Journal of Educational Computing Research, 45(2), 147–163.

  6. 6.

    Ainin, S., Naqshbandi, M. M., Moghavvemi, S., & Jaafar, N. I. (2015). Facebook usage, socialization and academic performance. Computers & Education, 83, 64–73.

  7. 7.

    Al-Bahrani, A., Patel, D., & Sheridan, B. (2015). Engaging students using social media: The students’ perspective. International Review of Economics Education, 19, 36–50.

  8. 8.

    Al-Bahrani, A., & Patel, D. (2015). Incorporating twitter, instagram, and facebook in economics classrooms. The Journal of Economic Education, 46(1), 56–67.

  9. 9.

    Albayrak, D., & Yildirim, Z. (2015). Using Social Networking Sites for Teaching and Learning Students’ Involvement in and Acceptance of Facebook® as a Course Management System. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 52(2), 155–179.

  10. 10.

    Aljerbi, N. (2015). Facebook: un espace numérique pour un apprentissage informel du FLE en Libye Facebook: digital space for informal learning of FFL in Libya.

  11. 11.

    Alloway, T. P., Horton, J., Alloway, R. G., & Dawson, C. (2013). Social networking sites and cognitive abilities: Do they make you smarter?. Computers & Education, 63, 10–16.

  12. 12.

    Amador, P., & Amador, J. (2014). Academic advising via Facebook: Examining student help seeking. The Internet and Higher Education, 21, 9–16.

  13. 13.

    Amgad, M., & AlFaar, A. S. (2014). Integrating Web 2.0 in clinical research education in a developing country. Journal of Cancer Education, 29(3), 536–540.

  14. 14.

    Andersen, N. (2010). Media literacy’s gifts to literature study. English Teaching, 9(1), 103.

  15. 15.

    Atal D, Koçak Usluel Y (2011). Elementary school students’ use of technology in and out of school. Hacettepe University J. Educ. 41:24–35.

  16. 16.

    Appel, M. (2012). Are heavy users of computer games and social media more computer literate?. Computers & Education, 59(4), 1339–1349.

  17. 17.

    Arouri, Y. M. (2015). How Jordanian University Students Perceive the Opportunities and Challenges of Using Facebook as a Supplementary Learning Resource?. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 10(1).

  18. 18.

    Asterhan, C. S., & Rosenberg, H. (2015). The promise, reality and dilemmas of secondary school teacher–student interactions in Facebook: The teacher perspective. Computers & Education, 85, 134–148.

  19. 19.

    Aydin, S. (2014). Foreign language learners’ interactions with their teachers on Facebook. System, 42, 155–163.

  20. 20.

    Back, M. (2013). Using Facebook data to analyze learner interaction during study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 46(3), 377–401.

  21. 21.

    Balakrishnan, V. (2014). Using social networks to enhance teaching and learning experiences in higher learning institutions. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 51(6), 595–606.

  22. 22.

    Barden, O. (2012). “… If we were cavemen we’d be fine”: Facebook as a catalyst for critical literacy learning by dyslexic sixth‐form students. Literacy, 46(3), 123–132.

  23. 23.

    Baran, B. (2010). Facebook as a formal instructional environment. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(6), E146–E149.

  24. 24.

    Basitere, M., & Ivala, E. (2015). Mitigating the Mathematical Knowledge Gap between High School and First Year University Chemical Engineering Mathematics Course. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 13(2), 68–83.

  25. 25.

    Benzer, E. (2013). The analysis of purposes of science teacher candidates in using social media. Egitim Arastirmalari-Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 53, 149–170.

  26. 26.

    Berlanga, I., García-García, F., & Victoria, J. S. (2013). Ethos, Pathos and Logos in Facebook. User Networking: New « Rhetor » of the 21st Century/Ethos, pathos y logos en Facebook. El usuario de redes: nuevo « rétor » del siglo XXI. Comunicar, 21(41), 127.

  27. 27.

    Bicen, H., Ozdamli, F., & Uzunboylu, H. (2014). Online and blended learning approach on instructional multimedia development courses in teacher education. Interactive Learning Environments, 22(4), 529–548.

  28. 28.

    Bongartz, J., Vang, C., Havrda, D., Fravel, M., McDanel, D., & Farris, K. B. (2011). Student pharmacist, pharmacy resident, and graduate student perceptions of social interactions with faculty members. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 75(9), 180.

  29. 29.

    Bowman, N. D., & Akcaoglu, M. (2014). “I see smart people!”: Using Facebook to supplement cognitive and affective learning in the university mass lecture. The internet and higher education, 23, 1–8.

  30. 30.

    Brosseau, L., Wells, G. A., Brooks, S., De Angelis, G., Bell, M., Egan, M.,… & Novikov, M. (2014). People getting a grip on arthritis II: An innovative strategy to implement clinical practice guidelines for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients through Facebook. Health Education Journal, 73(1), 109–125.

  31. 31.

    Brumini, G., Špalj, S., Mavrinac, M., Biočina‐Lukenda, D., Strujić, M., & Brumini, M. (2014). Attitudes towards e‐learning amongst dental students at the universities in Croatia. European Journal of Dental Education, 18(1), 15–23.

  32. 32.

    Cahn, P. S., Benjamin, E. J., & Shanahan, C. W. (2013). ‘Uncrunching’time: medical schools’ use of social media for faculty development. Medical education online, 18.

  33. 33.

    Cain, J., Scott, D. R., & Akers, P. (2009). Pharmacy students’ Facebook activity and opinions regarding accountability and e-professionalism. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 73(6), 104.

  34. 34.

    Cain, J., & Fink III, J. L. (2010). Legal and ethical issues regarding social media and pharmacy education. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 74(10), 184.

  35. 35.

    Cain, J., & Policastri, A. (2011). Using Facebook as an informal learning environment. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 75(10), 207.

  36. 36.

    Cartledge, P., Miller, M., & Phillips, B. (2013). The use of social-networking sites in medical education. Medical teacher, 35(10), 847–857.

  37. 37.

    Celik, I., Yurt, E., & Sahin, I. (2015). A model for understanding educational Facebook use. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 11(4), 899–907.

  38. 38.

    Chan, T. M., Thoma, B., & Lin, M. (2015). Creating, curating, and sharing online faculty development resources: The medical education in cases series experience. Academic Medicine, 90(6), 785–789.

  39. 39.

    Chang, W. L., & Lee, C. Y. (2013). Trust as a learning facilitator that affects students’ learning performance in the Facebook community: An investigation in a business planning writing course. Computers & Education, 62, 320–327.

  40. 40.

    Chen, X., Vorvoreanu, M., & Madhavan, K. (2014). Mining social media data for understanding students’ learning experiences. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 7(3), 246–259.

  41. 41.

    Chen, Y. C. (2015). Linking learning styles and learning on mobile Facebook. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(2).

  42. 42.

    Cheng, L. F., & Yang, H. C. (2015). Learning about gender on campus: an analysis of the hidden curriculum for medical students. Medical education, 49(3), 321–331.

  43. 43.

    Chretien, K. C., Goldman, E. F., Beckman, L., & Kind, T. (2010). It’s your own risk: medical students’ perspectives on online professionalism. Academic Medicine, 85(10), S68–S71.

  44. 44.

    Christie, E., & Bloustien, G. (2010). I-cyborg: Disability, affect and public pedagogy. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 31(4), 483–498.

  45. 45.

    Clyde, J. W., Rodríguez, M. M. D., & Geiser, C. (2014). Medical professionalism: an experimental look at physicians’ Facebook profiles. Medical education online, 19.

  46. 46.

    Coe, J. B., Weijs, C. A., Muise, A., Christofides, E., & Desmarais, S. (2011). Teaching veterinary professionalism in the Face (book) of change. Journal of veterinary medical education, 38(4), 353–359.

  47. 47.

    Coe, J. B., Weijs, C. A., Muise, A., Christofides, E., & Desmarais, S. (2012). Understanding veterinary students’ use of and attitudes toward the social networking site, Facebook, to assist in developing curricula to address online professionalism. Journal of veterinary medical education, 39(3), 297–303.

  48. 48.

    Coklar, A. N. (2012). Analyzing the effects of use of Facebook for educational purpose on academic success of the preservice teachers from their perspectives. ENERGY EDUCATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART B-SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL STUDIES, 4(2), 617–626.

  49. 49.

    Cuesta, M., Eklund, M., Rydin, I., & Witt, A. K. (2016). Using Facebook as a co-learning community in higher education. Learning, Media and Technology, 41(1), 55–72.

  50. 50.

    Dabner, N. (2012). ‘Breaking Ground’in the use of social media: A case study of a university earthquake response to inform educational design with Facebook. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(1), 69–78.

  51. 51.

    Dalton, B. (2012). Multimodal composition and the common core state standards. The Reading Teacher, 66(4), 333–339.

  52. 52.

    Davies, J. (2012). Facework on Facebook as a new literacy practice. Computers & Education, 59(1), 19–29.

  53. 53.

    Davies, D. K., Stock, S. E., King, L. R., Brown, R. B., Wehmeyer, M. L., & Shogren, K. A. (2015). An interface to support independent use of Facebook by people with intellectual disability. Intellectual and developmental disabilities, 53(1), 30–41.

  54. 54.

    De Bres, J., & Belling, L. (2015). Free Your Stuff Luxembourg! Language policies, practices and ideologies in a multilingual Facebook group. Language Policy, 14(4), 357–375.

  55. 55.

    Demirbilek, M. (2015). Social media and peer feedback: What do students really think about using Wiki and Facebook as platforms for peer feedback?. Active Learning in Higher Education, 1469787415589530.

  56. 56.

    Deng, L. P., & Tavares, N. J. (2015). Exploring university students’ use of technologies beyond the formal learning context: A tale of two online platforms. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology.

  57. 57.

    Deng, L., & Tavares, N. J. (2013). From Moodle to Facebook: Exploring students’ motivation and experiences in online communities. Computers & Education, 68, 167–176.

  58. 58.

    Dippold, D. (2009). Peer feedback through blogs: Student and teacher perceptions in an advanced German class. ReCALL, 21(01), 18–36.

  59. 59.

    DiVall, M. V., & Kirwin, J. L. (2012). Using Facebook to facilitate course-related discussion between students and faculty members. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 76(2), 32.

  60. 60.

    Dixon, E. M., & Hondo, J. (2014). Re-purposing an OER for the online language course: a case study of Deutsch Interaktiv by the Deutsche Welle. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 27(2), 109–121.

  61. 61.

    Dougherty, K. D., & Andercheck, B. (2014). Using Facebook to engage learners in a large introductory course. Teaching Sociology, 42(2), 95–104.

  62. 62.

    Drouin, M. A. (2011). College students’ text messaging, use of textese and literacy skills. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 27(1), 67–75.

  63. 63.

    Dyson, B., Vickers, K., Turtle, J., Cowan, S., & Tassone, A. (2015). Evaluating the use of Facebook to increase student engagement and understanding in lecture-based classes. Higher Education, 69(2), 303–313.

  64. 64.

    Efe, H. A. (2015). The relation between science student teachers’ educational use of web 2.0 technologies and their computer self-efficacy. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 14(1), 142–154.

  65. 65.

    Erjavec, K. (2013). Informal learning through Facebook among Slovenian pupils. Comunicar, 21(41), 117–126.

  66. 66.

    Escobar-Rodríguez, T., Carvajal-Trujillo, E., & Monge-Lozano, P. (2014). Factors that influence the perceived advantages and relevance of Facebook as a learning tool: An extension of the UTAUT. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 30(2), 136–151.

  67. 67.

    Estus, E. L. (2010). Using Facebook within a geriatric pharmacotherapy course. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 74(8), 145.

  68. 68.

    Farmer, S. C. (2013). Using social networking sites to connect with chemistry alumni. Journal of Chemical Education, 90(5), 673–675.

  69. 69.

    Fauville, G., Dupont, S., von Thun, S., & Lundin, J. (2015). Can Facebook be used to increase scientific literacy? A case study of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Facebook page and ocean literacy. Computers & Education, 82, 60–73.

  70. 70.

    Finn, Gabrielle, Jayne Garner, and Marina Sawdon. “‘You’re judged all the time!’Students’ views on professionalism: a multicentre study.” Medical Education 44.8 (2010): 814–825.

  71. 71.

    Forkosh-Baruch, A., & Hershkovitz, A. (2012). A case study of Israeli higher-education institutes sharing scholarly information with the community via social networks. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(1), 58–68.

  72. 72.

    Friesen, N., & Lowe, S. (2012). The questionable promise of social media for education: Connective learning and the commercial imperative. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 28(3), 183–194.

  73. 73.

    George, D. R. (2011). “Friending Facebook?” A minicourse on the use of social media by health professionals. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 31(3), 215–219.

  74. 74.

    Geyer, A. M. (2014). Social networking as a platform for role-playing scientific case studies. Journal of Chemical Education, 91(3), 364–367.

  75. 75.

    Goodband, J. H., Solomon, Y., Samuels, P. C., Lawson, D., & Bhakta, R. (2012). Limits and potentials of social networking in academia: Case study of the evolution of a mathematics Facebook community. Learning, Media and Technology, 37(3), 236–252.

  76. 76.

    Goodyear, V. A., Casey, A., & Kirk, D. (2014). Tweet me, message me, like me: using social media to facilitate pedagogical change within an emerging community of practice. Sport, Education and Society, 19(7), 927–943.

  77. 77.

    Gosper, M., Malfroy, J., & McKenzie, J. (2013). Students’ experiences and expectations of technologies: An Australian study designed to inform planning and development decisions. ASCILITE.

  78. 78.

    Gray, K., Annabell, L., & Kennedy, G. (2010). Medical students’ use of Facebook to support learning: Insights from four case studies. Medical teacher, 32(12), 971–976.

  79. 79.

    Gray, C. M., & Howard, C. D. (2014). Designerly talk in non-pedagogical social spaces. Journal of Learning Design, 7(1), 40–58.

  80. 80.

    Güler, K. (2015). Social media-based learning in the design studio: A comparative study. Computers & Education, 87, 192–203.

  81. 81.

    Gupta, S., Singh, S., & Dhaliwal, U. (2015). Visible Facebook profiles and e-professionalism in undergraduate medical students in India. Journal of educational evaluation for health professions, 12.

  82. 82.

    Hebrang Grgić, I., & Mučnjak, D. (2015). Social Networking Phenomenon and Its Use in Libraries. Hrvatski časopis za odgoj i obrazovanje, 17(1), 217–241.

  83. 83.

    Herring, S. J., Cruice, J. F., Bennett, G. G., Davey, A., & Foster, G. D. (2014). Using technology to promote postpartum weight loss in urban, low-income mothers: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 46(6), 610–615.

  84. 84.

    Hew, K. F., & Cheung, W. S. (2012). Use of Facebook: a case study of Singapore students’ experience. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 32(2), 181–196.

  85. 85.

    Holmes, K. M., & O’Loughlin, N. (2014). The experiences of people with learning disabilities on social networking sites. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 42(1), 1–5.

  86. 86.

    Hoop, K. C. (2012). Comte Unplugged Using a “Technology Fast” to Teach Sociological Theory. Teaching Sociology, 40(2), 158–165.

  87. 87.

    Hou, H. T., Wang, S. M., Lin, P. C., & Chang, K. E. (2015). Exploring the learner’s knowledge construction and cognitive patterns of different asynchronous platforms: comparison of an online discussion forum and Facebook. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 52(6), 610–620.

  88. 88.

    Hourigan, T., & Murray, L. (2010). Using blogs to help language students to develop reflective learning strategies: Towards a pedagogical framework. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 26(2), 209–225.

  89. 89.

    Huang, J. J., Yang, S. J., Huang, Y. M., & Hsiao, I. Y. (2010). Social Learning Networks: Build Mobile Learning Networks Based on Collaborative Services. Educational Technology & Society, 13(3), 78–92.

  90. 90.

    Huang, H. Y., Wu, H. L., She, H. C., & Lin, Y. R. (2014). Enhancing Students’ NOS Views and Science Knowledge Using Facebook-based Scientific News. Educational Technology & Society, 17(4), 289–301.

  91. 91.

    Hsu, J. L. (2013). Exploring the relationships between the use of text message language and the literacy skills of dyslexic and normal students. Research in developmental disabilities, 34(1), 423–430.

  92. 92.

    Hsu, L. (2015). Modelling Determinants for the Integration of Web 2.0 Technologies into Hospitality Education: A Taiwanese Case. The Asia–Pacific Education Researcher, 24(4), 625–633.

  93. 93.

    Imlawi, J., Gregg, D., & Karimi, J. (2015). Student engagement in course-based social networks: The impact of instructor credibility and use of communication. Computers & Education, 88, 84–96.

  94. 94.

    Impey, C. D., Wenger, M. C., & Austin, C. L. (2015). Astronomy for astronomical numbers: A worldwide massive open online class. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 16(1).

  95. 95.

    Irwin, C., Ball, L., Desbrow, B., & Leveritt, M. (2012). Students’ perceptions of using Facebook as an interactive learning resource at university. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 28(7), 1221–1232.

  96. 96.

    Isbulan, O. (2011). Opinions of university graduates about social networks according to their personal characteristics. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10(2).

  97. 97.

    Jacobsen, E. K., & Groat, R. K. (2010). Support Your Favorite Element on Facebook: A Post-National Chemistry Week Update. Journal of Chemical Education, 87(3), 237–238.

  98. 98.

    Jaffar, A. A. (2014). Exploring the use of a Facebook page in anatomy education. Anatomical sciences education, 7(3), 199–208.

  99. 99.

    Jain, A., Petty, E. M., Jaber, R. M., Tackett, S., Purkiss, J., Fitzgerald, J., & White, C. (2014). What is appropriate to post on social media? Ratings from students, faculty members and the public. Medical education, 48(2), 157–169.

  100. 100.

    Jin, S. (2015). Using Facebook to promote Korean EFL learners’ intercultural competence. Language Learning & Technology, 19(3), 38–51.

  101. 101.

    Judd, T., & Kennedy, G. (2010). A five-year study of on-campus Internet use by undergraduate biomedical students. Computers & Education, 55(4), 1564–1571.

  102. 102.

    Judd, T. (2010). Facebook versus email. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(5), E101–E103.

  103. 103.

    Judd, T. (2014). Making sense of multitasking: The role of Facebook. Computers & Education, 70, 194–202.

  104. 104.

    Junco, R. (2012). The relationship between frequency of Facebook use, participation in Facebook activities, and student engagement. Computers & Education, 58(1), 162–171.

  105. 105.

    Junco, R., & Cotten, S. R. (2012). No A 4 U: The relationship between multitasking and academic performance. Computers & Education, 59(2), 505–514.

  106. 106.

    Kabilan, M. K., Ahmad, N., & Abidin, M. J. Z. (2010). Facebook: An online environment for learning of English in institutions of higher education?. The Internet and higher education, 13(4), 179–187.

  107. 107.

    Kapp, J. M., Peters, C., & Oliver, D. P. (2013). Research recruitment using Facebook advertising: big potential, big challenges. Journal of Cancer Education, 28(1), 134–137.

  108. 108.

    Karal, H., & Kokoc, M. (2013). Social networking site usage among university students: Differences of educational level. Hrvatski časopis za odgoj i obrazovanje, 15(3), 629–654.

  109. 109.

    Khan, M. L., Wohn, D. Y., & Ellison, N. B. (2014). Actual friends matter: An internet skills perspective on teens’ informal academic collaboration on Facebook. Computers & Education, 79, 138–147.

  110. 110.

    Kinash, S., Brand, J., & Mathew, T. (2012). Challenging mobile learning discourse through research: Student perceptions of Blackboard Mobile Learn and iPads. Australasian journal of educational technology, 28(4).

  111. 111.

    Kind, T., Genrich, G., Sodhi, A., & Chretien, K. C. (2010). Social media policies at US medical schools. Medical education online, 15.

  112. 112.

    Kukreja, P., Heck Sheehan, A., & Riggins, J. (2011). Use of social media by pharmacy preceptors. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 75(9), 176.

  113. 113.

    Labus, A., Despotović‐Zrakić, M., Radenković, B., Bogdanović, Z., & Radenković, M. (2015). Enhancing formal e‐learning with edutainment on social networks. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 31(6), 592–605.

  114. 114.

    Lampe, C., Wohn, D. Y., Vitak, J., Ellison, N. B., & Wash, R. (2011). Student use of Facebook for organizing collaborative classroom activities. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 6(3), 329–347.

  115. 115.

    Landman, M. P., Shelton, J., Kauffmann, R. M., & Dattilo, J. B. (2010). Guidelines for maintaining a professional compass in the era of social networking. Journal of surgical education, 67(6), 381–386.

  116. 116.

    Lantz-Andersson, A., Vigmo, S., & Bowen, R. (2013). Crossing boundaries in Facebook: Students’ framing of language learning activities as extended spaces. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 8(3), 293–312.

  117. 117.

    Lawson, T. J., Kleinholz, S. A., & Bodle, J. H. (2011). Using Facebook to Connect Alumni, Current Students, and Faculty A How-to Guide. Teaching of Psychology, 38(4), 265–268.

  118. 118.

    Lee, H. J. (2015). A theoretical discussion for e-text communication in learning. Interactive Learning Environments, 23(3), 317–331.

  119. 119.

    Lin, P. C., Hou, H. T., Wang, S. M., & Chang, K. E. (2013). Analyzing knowledge dimensions and cognitive process of a project-based online discussion instructional activity using Facebook in an adult and continuing education course. Computers & Education, 60(1), 110–121.

  120. 120.

    Lin, P. C., Hou, H. T., Wu, S. Y., & Chang, K. E. (2014). Exploring college students’ cognitive processing patterns during a collaborative problem-solving teaching activity integrating Facebook discussion and simulation tools. The Internet and Higher Education, 22, 51–56.

  121. 121.

    Locatelli, S. M., Kluwe, K., & Bryant, F. B. (2012). Facebook use and the tendency to ruminate among college students: Testing mediational hypotheses. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 46(4), 377–394.

  122. 122.

    Lohse, B. (2013). Facebook is an effective strategy to recruit low-income women to online nutrition education. Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 45(1), 69–76.

  123. 123.

    Lou, L. L., Yan, Z., Nickerson, A., & McMorris, R. (2012). An examination of the reciprocal relationship of loneliness and Facebook use among first-year college students. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 46(1), 105–117.

  124. 124.

    MacDonald, J., Sohn, S., & Ellis, P. (2010). Privacy, professionalism and Facebook: a dilemma for young doctors. Medical education, 44(8), 805–813.

  125. 125.

    MacWalter, G., McKay, J., & Bowie, P. (2016). Utilisation of internet resources for continuing professional development: a cross-sectional survey of general practitioners in Scotland. BMC medical education, 16(1), 1.

  126. 126.

    Madge, C., Meek, J., Wellens, J., & Hooley, T. (2009). Facebook, social integration and informal learning at university:‘It is more for socialising and talking to friends about work than for actually doing work’. Learning, Media and Technology, 34(2), 141–155.

  127. 127.

    Magogwe, J. M., Ntereke, B., & Phetlhe, K. R. (2015). Facebook and classroom group work: A trial study involving University of Botswana Advanced Oral Presentation students. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(6), 1312–1323.

  128. 128.

    Maisonneuve, H., Chambe, J., Lorenzo, M., & Pelaccia, T. (2015). How do general practice residents use social networking sites in asynchronous distance learning?. BMC medical education, 15(1), 1.

  129. 129.

    Maloney, S., Moss, A., & Ilic, D. (2014). Social media in health professional education: a student perspective on user levels and prospective applications. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 19(5), 687–697.

  130. 130.

    Malesky Jr, L. A., & Peters, C. (2012). Defining appropriate professional behavior for faculty and university students on social networking websites. Higher Education, 63(1), 135–151.

  131. 131.

    Manca, S., & Ranieri, M. (2013). Is it a tool suitable for learning? A critical review of the literature on Facebook as a technology‐enhanced learning environment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(6), 487–504.

  132. 132.

    Mazman, S. G., & Usluel, Y. K. (2010). Modeling educational usage of Facebook. Computers & Education, 55(2), 444–453.

  133. 133.

    Mazman, S. G., & Usluel, Y. K. (2011). Gender differences in using social networks. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 10(2).

  134. 134.

    McCarthy, J. (2010). Blended learning environments: Using social networking sites to enhance the first year experience. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 26(6), 729–740.

  135. 135.

    McCarthy, J. (2012). International design collaboration and mentoring for tertiary students through Facebook. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 28(5).

  136. 136.

    McCarthy, J. (2013, January). Learning in Facebook: First year tertiary student reflections from 2008 to 2011. ASCILITE.

  137. 137.

    McCarthy, J. (2015). Learning in the Café: Pilot testing the collaborative application for education in Facebook. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 31(1).

  138. 138.

    McGee, J. B., & Begg, M. (2008). What medical educators need to know about “Web 2.0”. Medical teacher, 30(2), 164–169.

  139. 139.

    Meenagh, J. (2015). Flirting, dating, and breaking up within new media environments. Sex Education, 15(5), 458–471.

  140. 140.

    Meishar-Tal, H., Kurtz, G., & Pieterse, E. (2012). Facebook groups as LMS: A case study. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 13(4), 33–48.

  141. 141.

    Metzger, A. H., Finley, K. N., Ulbrich, T. R., & McAuley, J. W. (2010). Pharmacy faculty members’ perspectives on the student/faculty relationship in online social networks. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 74(10), 188.

  142. 142.

    Miron, E., & Ravid, G. (2015). Facebook groups as an academic teaching aid: Case Study and recommendations for educators. Journal of Educational Technology and Society, 18(4), 371–384.

  143. 143.

    Ng’ambi, D. (2014). Learning with and from Facebook: Uncovering power asymmetries in educational interactions. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 30(3), 3.

  144. 144.

    Nkhoma, M., Cong, H. P., Au, B., Lam, T., Richardson, J., Smith, R., & El-Den, J. (2015). Facebook as a tool for learning purposes: Analysis of the determinants leading to improved students’ learning. Active Learning in Higher Education, 16(2), 87–101.

  145. 145.

    Northey, G., Bucic, T., Chylinski, M., & Govind, R. (2015). Increasing student engagement using asynchronous learning. Journal of Marketing Education, 37(3), 171–180.

  146. 146.

    O’Boyle, I. (2014). Mobilising social media in sport management education. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 15, 58–60.

  147. 147.

    Osman, A., Wardle, A., & Caesar, R. (2012). Online professionalism and Facebook–falling through the generation gap. Medical teacher, 34(8), e549–e556.

  148. 148.

    Öztürk, E. (2015). FACEBOOK AS A NEW COMMUNITY OF INQUIRY ENVIRONMENT: AN INVESTIGATION IN TERMS OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND MOTIVATION. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 14(1).

  149. 149.

    Palmer, N., & Schueths, A. M. (2013). Online teaching communities within sociology: a counter trend to the marketization of higher education. Teaching in Higher Education, 18(7), 809–820.

  150. 150.

    Peeters, W. (2011). Tapping into the educational potential of Facebook: encouraging out-of-class peer collaboration in foreign language learning. Reading.

  151. 151.

    Pektaş, Ş. T., & Gürel, M. Ö. (2014). Blended learning in design education: An analysis of students’ experiences within the disciplinary differences framework. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 30(1), 31–44.

  152. 152.

    Pérez, M. E. D. M., & Guzmán-Duque, A. P. (2015). Comunidades de aprendizaje endógenas y exógenas creadas en torno a los MOOCs universitarios. Campus Virtuales, 4(2), 78–85.

  153. 153.

    Pérez, Teresa, Araiza, María de Jesús, & Doerfer, Claudia. (2013). Using facebook for learning: a case study on the perception of students in higher education. Paper presented at the 4th International Conference on New Horizons in Education.

  154. 154.

    Pimmer, C., Linxen, S., & Gröhbiel, U. (2012). Facebook as a learning tool? A case study on the appropriation of social network sites from mobile phones in developing countries. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(5), 726–738.

  155. 155.

    Poellhuber, B., Anderson, T., & Roy, N. (2011). Distance students’ readiness for social media and collaboration. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 12(6), 102–125.

  156. 156.

    Prescott, J. (2014). Teaching style and attitudes towards Facebook as an educational tool. Active Learning in Higher Education, 15(2), 117–128.

  157. 157.

    Prescott, J., Wilson, S., & Becket, G. (2013). Facebook use in the learning environment: do students want this?. Learning, Media and Technology, 38(3), 345–350.

  158. 158.

    Pribeanu, C., Balog, A., Lamanauskas, V., & Šlekienė, V. (2015). Social capital on facebook as perceived by Lithuanian university students: a multidimensional perspective. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 14(1), 132–141.

  159. 159.

    Pukkaew, C. (2013). Assessment of the effectiveness of internet-based distance learning through the VClass e-Education platform. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 14(4).

  160. 160.

    Rambe, P. (2012). Activity theory and technology mediated interaction: Cognitive scaffolding using question-based consultation on Facebook. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 28(8), 1333–1361.

  161. 161.

    Rambe, P. (2012). Critical discourse analysis of collaborative engagement in Facebook postings. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 28(2), 295–314.

  162. 162.

    Rambe, P. (2013). Converged Social media: Identity Management and Engagement on Facebook mobile and blogs. Australasian Journal of Educational Education, 29(3).

  163. 163.

    Ranieri, M., Manca, S., & Fini, A. (2012). Why (and how) do teachers engage in social networks? An exploratory study of professional use of Facebook and its implications for lifelong learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(5), 754–769.

  164. 164.

    Rap, S., & Blonder, R. (2016). Let’s Face (book) it: analyzing interactions in social network groups for chemistry learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 25(1), 62–76.

  165. 165.

    Rautenbach, J. V., & Black-Hughes, C. (2012). Bridging the hemispheres through the use of technology: International collaboration in social work training. Journal of Social Work Education, 48(4), 797–815.

  166. 166.

    Razak, N. A., & Saeed, M. A. (2014). Collaborative writing revision process among learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) in an online community of practice (CoP). Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 30(5).

  167. 167.

    Reid, Jean. ““ We don’t Twitter, we Facebook”: An alternative pedagogical space that enables critical practices in relation to writing.” English Teaching10.1 (2011): 58.

  168. 168.

    Robelia, B. A., Greenhow, C., & Burton, L. (2011). Environmental learning in online social networks: Adopting environmentally responsible behaviors. Environmental Education Research, 17(4), 553–575.

  169. 169.

    Roblyer, M. D., McDaniel, M., Webb, M., Herman, J., & Witty, J. V. (2010). Findings on Facebook in higher education: A comparison of college faculty and student uses and perceptions of social networking sites. The Internet and higher education, 13(3), 134–140.

  170. 170.

    Root Kustritz, M. V. (2013). Use of Facebook as a teaching tool in a veterinary communications course. Journal of veterinary medical education, 40(4), 327–332.

  171. 171.

    Rubrico, Jessie Grace U., and Fatimah Hashim. “Facebook-Photovoice Interface: Empowering Non-Native Pre-Service English Language Teachers.” Announcements & Call for Papers (2014): 16.

  172. 172.

    Sánchez, R. A., Cortijo, V., & Javed, U. (2014). Students’ perceptions of Facebook for academic purposes. Computers & Education, 70, 138–149.

  173. 173.

    Sarapin, S. H., & Morris, P. L. (2015). Faculty and Facebook friending: instructor–student online social communication from the professor’s perspective. The Internet and Higher Education, 27, 14–23.

  174. 174.

    Schneider, E. F., Jones, M. C., Farris, K. B., Havrda, D., Jackson, K. C., & Hamrick, T. S. (2011). Faculty perceptions of appropriate faculty behaviors in social interactions with student pharmacists. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 75(4), 70.

  175. 175.

    Schreiber, B. R. (2015). “I AM WHAT I AM”: MULTILINGUAL IDENTITY AND DIGITAL TRANSLANGUAGING. Language Learning & Technology, 193, 69–87.

  176. 176.

    Sciutto, M. J. (2015). Using Facebook to Supplement Participant Pools for Class Research Projects Should We Like It?. Teaching of Psychology, 42(2), 157–162.

  177. 177.

    Selwyn, N. (2009). Faceworking: exploring students’ education‐related use of Facebook. Learning, Media and Technology, 34(2), 157–174.

  178. 178.

    Sheng-Yi, W. U., Shih-Ting, W. A. N. G., Liu, E. Z. F., Da-Chain, H. U., & Hwang, W. Y. (2012). The influences of social self-efficacy on social trust and social capital-A case study of Facebook. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 11(2).

  179. 179.

    Shih, R. C. (2011). Can Web 2.0 technology assist college students in learning English writing? Integrating Facebook and peer assessment with blended learning. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 27(5).

  180. 180.

    Staines, Z., & Lauchs, M. (2013). Students’ engagement with Facebook in a university undergraduate policing unit. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 29(6), 792–805.

  181. 181.

    Stewart, M. A. M. (2014). Social Networking, Workplace, and Entertainment Literacies: The Out‐of‐School Literate Lives of Newcomer Latina/o Adolescents. Reading Research Quarterly, 49(4), 365–369.

  182. 182.

    Stirling, E. (2016). Technology, time and transition in higher education–two different realities of everyday Facebook use in the first year of university in the UK. Learning, Media and Technology, 41(1), 100–118.

  183. 183.

    Strayhorn, T. L. (2012). Exploring the impact of Facebook and Myspace use on first-year students’ sense of belonging and persistence decisions. Journal of College Student Development, 53(6), 783–796.

  184. 184.

    Sumuer, E., Esfer, S., & Yildirim, S. (2014). Teachers’ Facebook use: their use habits, intensity, self-disclosure, privacy settings, and activities on Facebook. Educational Studies, 40(5), 537–553.

  185. 185.

    Sun, Y. C., & Yang, F. Y. (2015). I help, therefore, I learn: service learning on Web 2.0 in an EFL speaking class. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 28(3), 202–219.

  186. 186.

    Thang, S. M., Nambiar, R. M., Wong, F. F., Jaafar, N. M., & Amir, Z. (2015). A clamour for more technology in universities: What does an investigation into the ICT use and learning styles of Malaysian ‘Digital Natives’ tell us?. The Asia–Pacific Education Researcher, 24(2), 353–361.

  187. 187.

    Thomas, H. (2010). Learning spaces, learning environments and the dis ‘placement’of learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(3), 502–511.

  188. 188.

    Toetenel, L. (2014). Social networking: a collaborative open educational resource. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 27(2), 149–162.

  189. 189.

    Tower, M., Blacklock, E., Watson, B., Heffernan, C., & Tronoff, G. (2015). Using social media as a strategy to address ‘sophomore slump’in second year nursing students: A qualitative study. Nurse education today, 35(11), 1130–1134.

  190. 190.

    Tower, M., Latimer, S., & Hewitt, J. (2014). Social networking as a learning tool: Nursing students’ perception of efficacy. Nurse education today, 34(6), 1012–1017.

  191. 191.

    Tsovaltzi, D., Puhl, T., Judele, R., & Weinberger, A. (2014). Group awareness support and argumentation scripts for individual preparation of arguments in Facebook. Computers & Education, 76, 108–118.

  192. 192.

    Turan, Z., Tinmaz, H., & Goktas, Y. (2013). The Reasons for Non-Use of Social Networking Websites by University Students/Razones por las que los alumnos universitarios no utilizan las redes sociales. Comunicar, 21(41), 137.

  193. 193.

    Veira, A. K., Leacock, C. J., & Warrican, S. J. (2014). Learning outside the walls of the classroom: Engaging the digital natives. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 30(2), 227–244.

  194. 194.

    VICO, A. (1988). Perceived Social Support as a Factor of Rural Women’s Digital Inclusion in Online Social Networks. MEDIA EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL, 173.

  195. 195.

    Vincent, A. H., & Weber, Z. A. (2014). An Elective Course on Current Concepts in Adult Ambulatory Care. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 78(10).

  196. 196.

    Walton, E., & Rusznyak, L. (2013). Pre-service teachers’ pedagogical learning during practicum placements in special schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 36, 112–120.

  197. 197.

    Walton, J. M., White, J., & Ross, S. (2015). What’s on YOUR Facebook profile? Evaluation of an educational intervention to promote appropriate use of privacy settings by medical students on social networking sites. Medical education online, 20.

  198. 198.

    Wang, Q., Woo, H. L., Quek, C. L., Yang, Y., & Liu, M. (2012). Using the Facebook group as a learning management system: An exploratory study. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(3), 428–438.

  199. 199.

    Watson, A. P., & Hugo, W. (2015). Adolescent literacies: Chatting and learning across different planes of composition. Education as Change, 19(1), 120–147.

  200. 200.

    Watson, B., Cooke, M., & Walker, R. (2016). Using Facebook to enhance commencing student confidence in clinical skill development: A phenomenological hermeneutic study. Nurse education today, 36, 64–69.

  201. 201.

    Wood, E., Zivcakova, L., Gentile, P., Archer, K., De Pasquale, D., & Nosko, A. (2012). Examining the impact of off-task multi-tasking with technology on real-time classroom learning. Computers & Education, 58(1), 365–374.

  202. 202.

    Wu, S. Y., Hou, H. T., Hwang, W. Y., & Liu, E. Z. F. (2013). Analysis of learning behavior in problem-solving-based and project-based discussion activities within the seamless online learning integrated discussion (SOLID) system. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 49(1), 61–82.

  203. 203.

    Wu WH, Yan WC, Wang WY, et al. Comparison of varied social media in assisting student learning. Int J Eng Educ. 2015;31:567–573.

  204. 204.

    Yazan, B. (2015). Adhering to the language roots: Ottoman Turkish campaigns on Facebook. Language Policy, 14(4), 335–355.

  205. 205.

    Yen, Y. C., Hou, H. T., & Chang, K. E. (2015). Applying role-playing strategy to enhance learners’ writing and speaking skills in EFL courses using Facebook and Skype as learning tools: a case study in Taiwan. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 28(5), 383–406.

  206. 206.

    Yoo, S. J., & Huang, W. H. D. (2011). Comparison of Web 2.0 Technology Acceptance Level based on Cultural Differences. Educational technology & society, 14(4), 241–252.

  207. 207.

    Yu, A. Y., Tian, S. W., Vogel, D., & Kwok, R. C. W. (2010). Can learning be virtually boosted? An investigation of online social networking impacts. Computers & Education, 55(4), 1494–1503.

  208. 208.

    Zawacki-Richter, O. (2015). Media usage patterns in higher education. ZEITSdCHRIFT FUR ERZIEHUNGSWISSENSCHAFT, 18(3), 527–549.

Excluded Articles From Bibliometric Analysis (n = 52)

  1. 1.

    Adami, E. (2012). The rhetoric of the implicit and the politics of representation in the age of copy-and-paste. Learning, Media and Technology, 37(2), 131–144.

  2. 2.

    Almanza, A., Fonseca, O., & Castillo, A. (2013). Social Networks and Young People. Comparative Study of Facebook between Colombia and Spain/Redes sociales y jóvenes. Uso de Facebook en la juventud colombiana y española.Comunicar, 20(40), 127.

  3. 3.

    Bauman, S., & Baldasare, A. (2015). Cyber Aggression Among College Students: Demographic Differences, Predictors of Distress, and the Role of the University. Journal of College Student Development, 56(4), 317–330.

  4. 4.

    Birnbaum, M. G. (2013). The fronts students use: Facebook and the standardization of self-presentations. Journal of College Student Development, 54(2), 155–171.

  5. 5.

    Blessing, S. B., Blessing, J. S., & Fleck, B. K. (2012). Using Twitter to reinforce classroom concepts. Teaching of Psychology, 39(4), 268–271.

  6. 6.

    Blumenreich, M., & Jaffe-Walter, R. (2015). Social media illuminates some truths about school reform. Phi Delta Kappan, 97(1), 25–28.

  7. 7.

    Bourgeois, A., Bower, J., & Carroll, A. (2014). Social Networking and the Social and Emotional Wellbeing of Adolescents in Australia. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 24(02), 167–182.

  8. 8.

    Cabalin, C. (2014). Online and Mobilized Students: The Use of Facebook in the Chilean Student Protests/Estudiantes conectados y movilizados: El uso de Facebook en las protestas estudiantiles en Chile. Comunicar, 22(43), 25.

  9. 9.

    Çam, E., & Isbulan, O. (2012). A New Addiction for Teacher Candidates: Social Networks. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET,11(3), 14–19.

  10. 10.

    Cassidy, W., Brown, K., & Jackson, M. (2012). “Making Kind Cool”: Parents’ Suggestions for Preventing Cyber Bullying and Fostering Cyber Kindness.Journal of Educational Computing Research, 46(4), 415–436.

  11. 11.

    CONDEZA, R., BACHMANN, I., & MUJICA, C. News Consumption among Chilean Adolescents: Interests, Motivations and Perceptions on the News Agenda.

  12. 12.

    Duenas i Cid, D. (2016, July). Discriminatory Expressions, the Young and Social Networks: The Effect of Gender. In Third ISA Forum of Sociology (July 10–14, 2016). Isaconf.

  13. 13.

    Forgasz, H., Leder, G., & Tan, H. (2014). Public views on the gendering of mathematics and related careers: International comparisons. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 87(3), 369–388.

  14. 14.

    Foley, Niamh M., Bridget M. Maher, and Mark A. Corrigan. “Social Media and Tomorrow’s Medical Students—How Do They Fit?.” Journal of surgical education 71.3 (2014): 385–390.

  15. 15.

    Go, P. H., Klaassen, Z., & Chamberlain, R. S. (2012). Attitudes and practices of surgery residency program directors toward the use of social networking profiles to select residency candidates: a nationwide survey analysis. Journal of surgical education, 69(3), 292–300.

  16. 16.

    Frost, M. (2014). The Grief Grapevine: Facebook Memorial Pages and Adolescent Bereavement. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling,24(02), 256–265.

  17. 17.

    Go, P. H., Klaassen, Z., & Chamberlain, R. S. (2012). Attitudes and practices of surgery residency program directors toward the use of social networking profiles to select residency candidates: a nationwide survey analysis. Journal of surgical education, 69(3), 292–300.

  18. 18.

    Gray, Rebecca, et al. “Examining social adjustment to college in the age of social media: Factors influencing successful transitions and persistence.”Computers & Education 67 (2013): 193–207.

  19. 19.

    Hall, M., Hanna, L. A., & Huey, G. (2013). Use and views on social networking sites of pharmacy students in the United Kingdom. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 77(1), 9.

  20. 20.

    Hendus, U. (2015). “See Translation”: explicit and implicit language policies on Facebook. Language Policy, 14(4), 397–417.

  21. 21.

    Junco, R. (2014). iSpy: seeing what students really do online. Learning, Media and Technology, 39(1), 75–89.

  22. 22.

    Linne, J. (2014). Common uses of Facebook among adolescents from different social sectors in Buenos Aires City. Comunicar, 22(43), 189–197.

  23. 23.

    Mazer, J. P., Murphy, R. E., & Simonds, C. J. (2009). The effects of teacher self‐disclosure via Facebook on teacher credibility. Learning, Media and Technology, 34(2), 175–183.

  24. 24.

    McLean, C. A. (2010). A space called home: An immigrant adolescent’s digital literacy practices. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 54(1), 13.

  25. 25.

    Moreno, M. A., Grant, A., Kacvinsky, L., Egan, K. G., & Fleming, M. F. (2012). College students’ alcohol displays on Facebook: Intervention considerations. Journal of American College Health, 60(5), 388–394.

  26. 26.

    Pellegrino, K., Sweet, B., Kastner, J. D., Russell, H. A., & Reese, J. (2014). Becoming music teacher educators: Learning from and with each other in a professional development community. International Journal of Music Education, 32(4), 462–477.

  27. 27.

    Phyak, P. (2015). (En) Countering language ideologies: language policing in the ideospace of Facebook. Language Policy, 14(4), 377–395.

  28. 28.

    Ponce, B. A., Determann, J. R., Boohaker, H. A., Sheppard, E., McGwin, G., & Theiss, S. (2013). Social networking profiles and professionalism issues in residency applicants: an original study-cohort study. Journal of surgical education, 70(4), 502–507.

  29. 29.

    Raacke, J., & Bonds-Raacke, J. (2015). Are students really connected? Predicting college adjustment from social network usage. Educational Psychology, 35(7), 819–834.

  30. 30.

    Ramírez-Vélez, R., Bagur-Calafat, M. C., Correa-Bautista, J. E., & Girabent-Farrés, M. (2015). Barriers against incorporating evidence-based practice in physical therapy in Colombia: current state and factors associated. BMC medical education, 15(1), 1.

  31. 31.

    Rice, E., Tulbert, E., Cederbaum, J., Adhikari, A. B., & Milburn, N. G. (2012). Mobilizing homeless youth for HIV prevention: a social network analysis of the acceptability of a face-to-face and online social networking intervention.Health education research, 27(2), 226–236.

  32. 32.

    Ross, S., Lai, K., Walton, J. M., Kirwan, P., & White, J. S. (2013). “I have the right to a private life”: Medical students’ views about professionalism in a digital world. Medical teacher, 35(10), 826–831.

  33. 33.

    Selwyn, N., & Gorard, S. (2016). Students’ use of Wikipedia as an academic resource—Patterns of use and perceptions of usefulness. The Internet and Higher Education, 28, 28–34.

  34. 34.

    Shafie, L. A., Yaacob, A., & Karpal Singh, P. K. A. (2015). The Roles of English Language and Imagined Communities of a Facebook Group.International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 10(6).

  35. 35.

    Sherman, T., & Švelch, J. (2015). “Grammar Nazis never sleep”: Facebook humor and the management of standard written language. Language Policy,14(4), 315–334.

  36. 36.

    Straubhaar, R. (2015). The methodological benefits of social media:“studying up” in Brazil in the Facebook age. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 28(9), 1081–1096.

  37. 37.

    Subramanian, M. (2013). Gossip, drama, and technology: how South Asian American young women negotiate gender on and offline. Gender and Education, 25(3), 311–324.

  38. 38.

    Sultana, S. (2014). Young adults’ linguistic manipulation of English in Bangla in Bangladesh. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism,17(1), 74–89.

  39. 39.

    Swindle, T. M., Ward, W. L., Whiteside-Mansell, L., Bokony, P., & Pettit, D. (2014). Technology use and interest among low-income parents of young children: Differences by age group and ethnicity. Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 46(6), 484–490.

  40. 40.

    Tello, L. (2013). Intimacy and «Extimacy» in Social Net-works. Ethical Boundaries of Facebook. Comunicar, 21(41), 205–213.

  41. 41.

    Teo, T., & Jarupunphol, P. (2015). Dhammic Technology Acceptance Model (DTAM) Extending the TAM Using a Condition of Attachment in Buddhism.Journal of Educational Computing Research, 52(1), 136–151.

  42. 42.

    Tsimtsiou, Z., Haidich, A. B., Spachos, D., Kokkali, S., Bamidis, P., Dardavesis, T., & Arvanitidou, M. (2015). Internet addiction in Greek medical students: an online survey. Academic Psychiatry, 39(3), 300–304.

  43. 43.

    Tynes, Brendesha M., and Suzanne L. Markoe. “The role of color-blind racial attitudes in reactions to racial discrimination on social network sites.” Journal of Diversity in Higher Education 3.1 (2010): 1.

  44. 44.

    Uddin, S., Thompson, K., Schwendimann, B., & Piraveenan, M. (2014). The impact of study load on the dynamics of longitudinal email communications among students. Computers & Education, 72, 209–219.

  45. 45.

    Valerio, G., Herrera-Murillo, D. J., Villanueva-Puente, F., Herrera-Murillo, N., & del Carmen Rodríguez-Martínez, M. (2015). The relationship between post formats and digital engagement: a study of the Facebook pages of Mexican universities. Revista de Universidad y Sociedad del Conocimiento, 12(1), 50–63.

  46. 46.

    Vial, A. C., Starks, T. J., & Parsons, J. T. (2014). Finding and recruiting the highest risk HIV-negative men who have sex with men. AIDS education and prevention: official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education, 26(1), 56.

  47. 47.

    Whipple, Elizabeth C., Kacy L. Allgood, and Elizabeth M. Larue. “Third-year medical students’ knowledge of privacy and security issues concerning mobile devices.” Medical teacher 34.8 (2012): e532–e548.

  48. 48.

    Williams, J., Feild, C., & James, K. (2011). The effects of a social media policy on pharmacy students’ Facebook security settings. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 75(9), 177.

  49. 49.

    Wodzicki, K., Schwämmlein, E., & Moskaliuk, J. (2012). “Actually, I wanted to learn”: study-related knowledge exchange on social networking sites. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(1), 9–14.

  50. 50.

    Wohn, D. Y., & LaRose, R. (2014). Effects of loneliness and differential usage of Facebook on college adjustment of first-year students. Computers & Education, 76, 158–167.

  51. 51.

    Wohn, D. Y., Ellison, N. B., Khan, M. L., Fewins-Bliss, R., & Gray, R. (2013). The role of social media in shaping first-generation high school students’ college aspirations: A social capital lens. Computers & Education, 63, 424–436.

  52. 52.

    Zablith, F., Fernandez, M., & Rowe, M. (2015). Production and consumption of university linked data. Interactive Learning Environments, 23(1), 55–78.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lopes, R.M., Faria, D.J.G.S., Fidalgo-Neto, A.A. et al. Facebook in educational research: a bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics 111, 1591–1621 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2294-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2294-1

Keywords

  • Social network
  • Facebook
  • Bibliometry
  • Educational research