Abstract
This paper explores the significance of intra-couple and intra-household influences on self-employment. It may be the case that employment type matching is prevalent whereby individuals within a couple or household are characterised by similar types of employment. Alternatively, an individual may pool income risk with his/her partner by holding a diversified portfolio of employment types within the household thereby introducing an element of intra-household risk pooling. Such an arrangement may be particularly appropriate if one member of the couple is self-employed. We utilise ordered probit and random effects ordered probit analysis to explore the prevalence of employment matching and/or risk pooling within couples or households. Our empirical analysis which is based on cross-section data drawn from the British Family Expenditure Surveys 1996 to 2000 provides evidence of employment type matching both within dual earner couples and, to a lesser extent, in the wider context of working household members.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W. Arulampalam (1999) ArticleTitle‘A Note on Estimated Effects in Random Effect Probit models’ Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 61 597–602 Occurrence Handle10.1111/1468-0084.00146
G. Becker (1974) ‘A Theory of Marriage’ T. W. Schultz (Eds) Economics of the Family University of Chicago Press Chicago
I. Bernhardt (1994) ArticleTitle‘Comparative Advantage in Self-Employment and Paid Work’ Canadian Journal of Economics 27 273–289
Blanchflower, D. G. and A. J. Oswald, 1990, ‘What Makes a Young Entrepreneur?’ Centre for Labour Economics, London School of Economics, Discussion Paper Number 373
D. G. Blanchflower A. J. Oswald (1998) ArticleTitle‘What Makes an Entrepreneur?’ Journal of Labour Economics 16 IssueID1 26–60 Occurrence Handle10.1086/209881
A. Blinder (Eds) (1990) Paying for Productivity: A Look at the Evidence The Brookings Institution Washington, D.C.
G. I. Borjas (1986) ArticleTitle‘The Self-Employment Experience of Immigrants’ The Journal of Human Resources 21 485–506
G. I. Borjas S .G. Bronars (1989) ArticleTitle‘Consumer Discrimination and Self-Employment’ Journal of Political Economy 97 581–605 Occurrence Handle10.1086/261617
B. Bradbury P. Grade J. Vipond (1986) ArticleTitle‘Youth Unemployment and Intergenerational Immobility’ Journal of Industrial Relations 28 IssueID2 191–210
D. Bruce (1999) ArticleTitle‘Do Husbands Matter? Married Women Entering Self-Employment?’ Small Business Economics 13 IssueID4 317–329 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1008179214572
A. E. Burke F. R. Fitzroy M. A. Nolan (2000) ArticleTitle‘When Less is More: Distinguishing Between Entrepreneurial Choice and Performance’ Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 62 IssueID5 565–587 Occurrence Handle10.1111/1468-0084.00190
A. E. Burke F. R. Fitzroy M. A. Nolan (2002) ArticleTitle‘Self-Employment Wealth and Job Creation: The Roles of Gender, Non-Pecuniary Motivations and Entrepreneurial Ability’ Small Business Economics 19 255–270 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1019698607772
J. Butler R. Moffitt (1982) ArticleTitle‘A Computationally Efficient Quadrature Procedure for the One Factor Multinomial Probit Model’ Econometrica 50 761–764
K. Clark S. Drinkwater (2000) ArticleTitle‘ Pushed Out or Pulled In? Self-Employment among Ethnic Minorities in England and Wales’ Labour Economics 2000 IssueIDSeptember 603–628
C. Cornwell P. Rupert (1997) ArticleTitle‘Unobservable Individual Effects, Marriage and the Earnings of Young Men’ Economic Inquiry XXXV 285–294
R. Cressy (1995) ArticleTitle‘ Are Business Start-Ups Debt Rationed?’ Economic Journal 106 1253–1270
Dawkins, P., P. Gregg, and R. Scutella, 2001, ‘The Growth of Jobless Households in Australia’. Melbourne Institute Working Paper No. 3/01
T. Dunn D. Holtz-Eakin (2000) ArticleTitle‘Financial Capital, Human Capital, and the Transition to Self-Employment: Evidence from Intergenerational Links’ Journal of Labour Economics 18 IssueID2 282–305 Occurrence Handle10.1086/209959
G. Wit Particlede F. A. A. M. Winden Particlevan (1989) ArticleTitle‘An Empirical Analysis of Self-Employment in the Netherlands’ Small Business Economics 1 263–272 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00393805
D. S. Evans B. Jovanovic (1989) ArticleTitle‘An Estimated Model of Entrepreneurial Choice Under Liquidity Constraints’ Journal of Political Economy 97 808–827
D. S. Evans L. S. Leighton (1989) ArticleTitle‘Some Empirical Aspects of Entrepreneurship’ American Economic Review 79 519–535
Y. Georgellis H. J. Wall (2000) ArticleTitle‘Who Are the Self-Employed?’ Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis Review 82 IssueID6 15–23
B. Jovanovic (1982) ArticleTitle‘Selection and the Evolution of Industry’ Econometrica 50 649–670
S. M. Kanbur (1979) ArticleTitle‘Of Risk Taking and the Personal Distribution of Income’ Journal of Political Economy 87 760–797
M. P. Kidd (1993) ArticleTitle‘Immigrant Wage Differentials and the Role of Self-Employment in Australia’ Australian Economic Papers 32 92–115
R. E. Kihlstrom J. J. Laffont (1979) ArticleTitle‘A General Equilibrium Entrepreneurial Theory of New Firm Formation Based on Risk Aversion’ Journal of Political Economy 87 304–316
F. H. Knight (1921) Risk, Uncertainty and Profit Houghton Mifflin New York
S. Korenman D. Neumark (1991) ArticleTitle‘Does Marriage Really Make Men More Productive’ Journal of Human Resources 26 282–307
Lazear, E. P., 2002, ‘Entrepreneurship’. NBER Working Paper 9109, National Bureau of Economics Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
A-T. Le (1999) ArticleTitle‘Empirical Studies of Self-employment’ Journal of Economic Surveys 13 IssueID4 381–416 Occurrence Handle10.1111/1467-6419.00088
B. F. Lentz D. N. Laband (1989) ArticleTitle‘Why So Many Children of Doctors become Doctors: Nepotism Versus Human Capital Transfers’ Journal of Human Resources 24 IssueID3 396–413
T. Lindh H. Ohlsson (1996) ArticleTitle‘Self-Employment and Windfall Gains: Evidence from the Swedish Lottery’ The Economic Journal 106 1515–1526
S A. Lippman R. P. Rumelt (1982) ArticleTitle‘Uncertain Imitability: An Analysis of Interfirm Differences in Efficiency Under Competition’ The Bell Journal of Economics 13 IssueID2 418–438
K. V. Lombard (2001) ArticleTitle‘Female Self-Employment and Demand for Flexible, Non Standard Work Schedules’ Economic Inquiry 39 IssueID2 214–237 Occurrence Handle10.1093/ei/39.2.214
R. E. Lucas (1978) ArticleTitle‘On the Size Distribution of Business Firms’ Bell Journal of Economics 9 508–523
R. A. Nakosteen M. A. Zimmer (2001) ArticleTitle‘Spouse Selection and Earnings: Evidence of Marital Sorting’ Economic Inquiry 39 IssueID2 201–213 Occurrence Handle10.1093/ei/39.2.201
A. J. Oswald (1997) ArticleTitle‘Happiness and Economic Performance’ The Economic Journal 107 1815–1831 Occurrence Handle10.1111/1468-0297.00260
S. C. Parker (1997) ArticleTitle‘The Effects of Risk on Self-Employment.’ Small Business Economics 9 515–522 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1007919805306
H. Rees A. Shah (1986) ArticleTitle‘An Empirical Analysis of Self-Employment in the UK’ Journal of Applied Econometrics 1 95–108
P. A. Samulson (1956) ArticleTitle‘Social Indifference Curves’ Quarterly Journal of Economics 70 IssueID1 1–22
B. Schiller P. Crewson (1997) ArticleTitle‘Entrepreneurial Origins: A Longitudinal Inquiry’ Economic Inquiry 25 523–531
E. Seiler (1984) ArticleTitle‘Piece Rates vs. Times Rates: The Effect of Incentives on Earnings’ The Review of Economics and Statistics LXVI IssueID3 363–376
C. Shapiro J. E. Stiglitz (1984) ArticleTitle‘Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device’ American Economic Review 74 433–44
A Smith (1759) The Theory of Moral Sentimentsit A Millar London
M. P. Taylor (1996) ArticleTitle‘Earnings, Independence or Unemployment: Why Become Self-employed?’ Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 30 194–204
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brown, S., Farrel, L. & Sessions, J.G. Self-Employment Matching: An Analysis of Dual Earner Couples and Working Households. Small Bus Econ 26, 155–172 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-004-6489-5
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-004-6489-5