Skip to main content
Log in

The Location of Markets, Perceived Entrepreneurial Risk, and Start-up Capital of Micro Rural Firms

  • Published:
Small Business Economics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It is argued that when founders of SMEs perceive the probability of a successful and lucrative venture to be greater, they are more likely to provide a greater proportion of the start-up capital. This paper provides an empirical examination of two concurrent hypotheses. Firstly, that the size of the debt or equity is affected by factors influencing perceived entrepreneurial risk. Secondly, that the location of the market for the firm’s output is a major factor reducing perceived entrepreneurial risk and increasing equity of the start-up capital. A statistical analysis based on the simultaneous tobit model is used. Results show that significant factors influencing risk perception include the size of the new business and the sector of economic activity, as well as entrepreneurial experience and the location of the markets for the firm’s output. The results highlight implications for the design and implementation of rural development policies and especially for the instruments supporting rural business creation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aldrich E. H P.R. Reese P. Dubini (1989) ArticleTitle‘Women on the Verge of a Breakthrough? Networking Among Entrepreneurs in the United States and Italy’ Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 1 339–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Ando, F., (1985). Access to Capital by Subcategories of Small Business. Report prepared for the U.S. Small Business Administration, Fort Washington, PA: JACA Corp

  • R.J. Barkham (1994) ArticleTitle‘Entrepreneurial Characteristics and the Size of the New Firm: A Model and an Econometric Test’ Small Business Economics 6 117–125 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01065184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Blundell R.J. Smith (1989) ArticleTitle‘Estimation in a Class of Limited Dependent Variable Models’ Review of Economic Studies 56 37–58

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Blundell R.J. Smith (1994) ArticleTitle‘Coherency and Estimation in Simultaneous Models with Censored or Qualitative Dependent Variables’ Journal of Econometrics 64 355–73 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0304-4076(94)90069-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Brüderl P. Preisendörfer (1998) ArticleTitle‘Network Support and the Success of Bewly Founded Businesses’ Small Business Economics 10 213–225 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1007997102930

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carling K., Lundberg S. (2002) Bank Lending, Geographical Distance, and Credit Risk: An Empirical Assessment of the Church Tower Principle. Sveriges Riksbank Working Paper Series, No. 144

  • R. Carter H. Van Auken (1990) ArticleTitle‘Personal Equity Investments and Small Business Financial Difficulties’ Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 14 51–60

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Chandler S. Hanks (1998) ArticleTitle‘An Examination of the Substitutability of Founders Human and Financial Capital in Emerging Business Ventures’ Journal of Business Venturing 13 353–369 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00034-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E. Chell S. Bates (2000) ArticleTitle‘Networking, Entrepreneurship and Microbusiness Behaviour’ Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 12 195–215

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Cooper F. Gimeno-Gascon C. Woo (1994) ArticleTitle‘Initial Human and Financial Capital as Predictors of New Venture Performance’ Journal of Business Venturing 9 371–396 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0883-9026(94)90013-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A.D. Cosh A. Hughes (1994) ‘Size, Financial Structure and Profitability: U.K. Companies in the 1980s’ A. Hughes D.J. Storey (Eds) Finance and the Small Firm Routledge London 18–63

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Davidsson B. Honig (2003) ArticleTitle‘The Role of Social and Human Capital Among Nascent Entrepreneurs’ Journal of Business Venturing 18 301–331 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00097-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E. Dimara D. Skuras (1999) ArticleTitle‘Importance and Need for Rural Development Instruments under the CAP: A Survey of Farmers’ Attitudes in Marginal Areas of Greece’ Journal of Agricultural Economics 50 304–315

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Donckels J. Lambrecht (1995) ArticleTitle‘Networks and Small Business Growth: An Explanatory Model’ Small Business Economics 7 273–289 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01108617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. Dubini H.E. Aldrich (1991) ArticleTitle‘Personal and Extended Networks are Central to the Entrepreneurial Process’ Journal of Business Venturing 6 305–313 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0883-9026(91)90021-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Evans B. Jovanovic (1989) ArticleTitle‘An Estimated Model of Entrepreneurial Choice under Liquidity Constraints’ Journal of Political Economy 97 808–827 Occurrence Handle10.1086/261629

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flash Eurobarometer, (2000). Entreprenurship. Flash EB No. 83. EOS Gallup Europe

  • Tze-Wei Fu Ke Mei-Chu Huang Yen-Sheng (2002) ArticleTitle‘Capital Growth, Financing Source and Profitability of Small Businesses: Evidence from Taiwan Small Enterprises’ Small Business Economics 18 257–267 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1015291605542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K. Glancey (1998) ArticleTitle‘Determinants of Growth and Profitability in Small Entrepreneurial Firms’ International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research 4 18–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Guiso L., Sapienza P., Zingales L. (2002) Does Local Financial Development Matter?, NBER Working Paper No. 8923

  • R. Hamilton M. Fox (1998) ArticleTitle‘The Financing Preferences of Small Firm Owners’ International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research 4 239–248

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Heckman (2000) ArticleTitle‘Policies to Foster Human Capital’ Research in Economics 54 3–56 Occurrence Handle10.1006/reec.1999.0225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Holmes P. Kent (1991) ArticleTitle‘An Empirical Analysis of the Financial Structure of Small and Large Australian Manufacturing Enterprises’ Journal of Small Business Finance 1 141–154

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Kneafsey B. Ilbery T. Jenkins (2001) ArticleTitle‘Exploring the Dimensions of Culture Economies in Rural West Wales’ Sociologia Ruralis 41 296–310 Occurrence Handle10.1111/1467-9523.00184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. Leland D. Pyle (1977) ArticleTitle‘Information Asymmetries, Financial Structure and Financial Intermediation’ Journal of Finance 32 371–387

    Google Scholar 

  • Mallick, R. and Chakraborty A., (2002). Credit Gap in Small Businesses: Some New Evidence. Accessible at: http://econwpa.wustl.edu.8089/eps/fin/papers/0209/020900 8.pdf

  • R. McDonald J. R.A. Moffit (1980) ArticleTitle‘The Uses of Tobit Analysis’ Review of Economics and Statistics 62 318–321

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Mizruchi L. Stearns (1994) ArticleTitle‘A Longitudinal Study of Borrowing by Large American Corporations’ Administrative Science Quarterly 39 118–140

    Google Scholar 

  • F. Modigliani M. Miller (1958) ArticleTitle‘The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment’ American Economic Review 48 261–297

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Myers (1984) ArticleTitle‘The Capital Structure Puzzle’ Journal of Finance 39 595–562

    Google Scholar 

  • W.J. Norton W. Moore (2002) ArticleTitle‘Entrepreneurial Risk: Have We been Asking the Wrong Questions?’ Small Business Economics 18 281–287 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1015231318265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Peterson J. Schulman (1987) ArticleTitle‘Capital Structure of Growing Small Firms: A Twelve Country Study on Becoming Bankable’ International Small Business Journal 5 10–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds P., Hay M., Bygrave W., Camp S.M., Autio E. (2001) Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2001 Executive Report. GEM, Babson College/London Business School

  • J. Sanders V. Nee (1996) ArticleTitle‘Immigrant Self-Employment: The Family as Social Capital and the Value of Human Capital’ American Sociological Review 61 231–249

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Skuras E. Dimara A. Vakrou (2000) ArticleTitle‘The Day After Grant-Aid: Business Development Schemes for Small Rural Firms in Lagging Areas of Greece’ Small Business Economics 14 125–136 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1008163517068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.R. Thorne (1989) ArticleTitle‘Alternative Financing for Entrepreneurial Ventures’ Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 13 7–9

    Google Scholar 

  • J.N. Variyam D. Kraybill (1994) ArticleTitle‘Managerial Inputs and the Growth of Rural Small Firms’ American Journal of Agricultural Economics 76 568–575

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dimitris Skuras.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Psaltopoulos, D., Stathopoulou, S. & Skuras, D. The Location of Markets, Perceived Entrepreneurial Risk, and Start-up Capital of Micro Rural Firms. Small Bus Econ 25, 147–158 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-003-6456-6

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-003-6456-6

Keywords

Navigation