Frequency shift of the Langmuir wave in the course of a very slow increase of its amplitude is analyzed. Because of this shift, a dip arises on the plateau of trapped electron distribution at the beginning of evolution with small amplitudes. This dip is caused by electron deficiency (formation of an electron hole) in the resonance region of the electron phase space. Because of this, the dispersion of wave with small but finite amplitudes is caused by the influence of the electron hole. At sufficiently large amplitudes, the perturbation of the trapped electron distribution in the form of the electron hole practically vanishes, and the wave dispersion is described by the well-known law.
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Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 49–57, July, 2012.
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Matveev, A.I. Nonlinear frequency shift in the course of quasistationary evolution of the plasma wave of finite amplitude. Russ Phys J 55, 781–790 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-012-9881-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-012-9881-7