Abstract
The electronic and molecular structures of the (LiF) n XF m complexes (X = C, N, O, F, Si, P, S, Cl; m = 1–4, n = 0, 1, 3) were studied by the ab initio (MP2(full)/6-311+G*) and density functional theory (B3LYP/6-311+G*) methods. All bisphenoid anionic structures XF m − (X = C, N, O, F, Si, P, S, Cl; m = 2–5) of elements of the second and third periods, except carbon fluorides, are most stable in the hypervalent state of atoms with strongly elongated axial bonds. Carbon tetrafluoride forms a stable intermolecular F−...CF4 complex. In all cases of addition of the Li atom as a counterion, the most stable intermolecular complex of lithium fluoride with fluorides of elements is stabilized by the hypervalent interaction. In all cases when the counterion is complicated to lithium trifluoride, except for (LiF)3CF4 and (LiF)3NF3, the hypervalent structure with equal and elongated X-F axial bonds is stabilized. In the cases of the (LiF)3CF4 and (LiF)3NF3 complexes, the prereaction structures bound by the strong hypervalent interaction are stabilized.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. I. Musher, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1969, 8, 54.
A. Haaland, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1989, 28, 992.
V. I. Minkin, R. M. Minyaev, Chem. Rev., 2001, 101, 1247.
R. M. Minyaev, V. I. Minkin, Canad. J. Chem., 1998, 76, 81.
V. I. Minkin, Ross. Khim. Zh., 1999, 43, 10 [Mendeleev Chem. J. (Engl. Transl.), 1999, 43].
A. E. Reed, P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 1434.
G. C. Pimentel, J. Chem. Phys., 1951, 19, 446.
R. J. Hach, R. E. Rundle, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1951, 73, 4321.
R. E. Rundle, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1963, 85, 112.
A. E. Reed, L. A. Curtiss, F. Weinhold, Chem. Rev., 1988, 88, 899.
G. M. Landrum, N. Goldberg, R. Hoffmann, R. M. Minyaev, New J. Chem., 1998, 22, 883.
G. M. Landrum, N. Goldberg, R. Hoffmann, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1997, 3605.
R. M. Minyaev, V. I. Minkin, Russ. Chem. Bull. (Engl. Transl.), 1999, 48, 1234 [Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., 1999, 1246].
A. A. Milov, R. M. Minyaev, V. I. Minkin, Zh. Org. Khim., 2003, 39, 372 [Russ. J. Org. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 2003, 39, 340].
M. G. Voronkov, O. M. Trofimova, Yu. I. Bolgova, N. F. Chernov, Russ. Chem. Rev., 2007, 76, 825.
V. V. Negrebetskii, S. N. Tandura, Yu. I. Baukov, Russ. Chem. Rev., 2009, 78, 21 [Usp. Khim., 2009, 78, 24].
J. N. Verkade, Acc. Chem. Res., 1993, 26, 483.
R. R. Holmes, Chem. Rev., 1996, 96, 927.
V. I. Minkin, R. M. Minyaev, A. A. Milov, T. N. Gribanova, Russ. Chem. Bull. (Int. Ed.), 2001, 50, 2028 [Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., 2001, 1938].
R. M. Minyaev, V. I. Minkin, Mendeleev Commun., 2000, 10, 173.
O. N. Ventura, E. L. Coitino, A. Lledos, J. Bertran, J. Comput. Chem., 1992, 13, 1037 (and references cited therein).
J. L. Wilbur, J. I. Brauman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 5839.
K.-y. Akiba, M. Yamashita, Y. Yamamoto, S. Nagase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 10644.
M. Bühl, H. F. Schaefer, III, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 364; M. Bühl, H. F. Schaefer, III, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 9143.
M. N. Glukhovtsev, A. Pross, L. Radom, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 9012.
Y. Ren, H. Basch, S. Hoz, J. Org. Chem., 2002, 67, 5891.
J. Yang, Y. Ren, H.-j. Zhu, S.-Y. Chu, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2003, 229, 199.
R. Gareyev, S. Kato, V. M. Bierbaum, J. Am. Soc. Mass. Spectrom., 2001, 12, 139.
R. Ulbrich, M. Famulok, F. Bosold, G. Boche, Tetrahedron Lett., 1990, 31, 1689.
J. S. Helmick, K. A. Martin, J. L. Heinrich, M. Novak, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 3459.
M. Novak, K. A. Martin, J. L. Heinrich, J. Org. Chem., 1989, 54, 5430.
M. Famulok, F. Bosold, G. Boche, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 1989, 28, 337.
P. Beak, J. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 2796.
Y. Ren, J. L. Wolk, S. Hoz, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2002, 220, 1.
T. I. Sðlling, A. Pross, L. Radom, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2001, 210–211, 1.
D. C. Mullhearn, S. M. Bachrach, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 9415.
S. M. Bachrach, B. D. Gailbreath, J. Org. Chem., 2001, 66, 2005.
S. M. Bachrach, A. C. Chamberlin, J. Org. Chem., 2003, 68, 4743.
L. D. Quin, A Guide to Organophosphorus Chemistry, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2000, 408 pp.
R. R. Holmes, A. Chandrasekaran, N. V. Timosheva, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Silicon Relat. Elem., 2008, 183, 209.
P. A. Cahill, C. E. Dykstra, J. C. Martin, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 6359.
C. S. Ewig, J. R. Van Wazer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 109.
G. L. Heard, C. J. Marsden, G. E. Scuseria, J. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96, 4359.
T. Kar, E. Sánchez Marcos, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1992, 192, 14.
T. G. Wright, E. P. F. Lee, Mol. Phys., 1993, 79, 995.
N. O. J. Malcolm, J. J. W. McDouall, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 10131.
F. Mota, J. J. Novoa, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 105, 8777.
J. Czernek, O. Zivny, J. Chem. Phys., 2008, 129, 194305.
S. Riedel, T. Köchner, X. Wang, L. Andrews, Inorg. Chem., 2010, 49, 7156.
A. Artau, K. E. Nizzi, B. T. Hill, L. S. Sunderlin, P. G. Wenthold, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 10667.
S. Harder, A. Streitwieser, J. T. Petty, P. v. R. Schleyer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 3253.
Y. Ren, S.-Y. Chu, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2004, 108, 7079.
Y. Ren, S.-Y. Chu, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2003, 376, 524.
B. S. Ault, L. Andrews, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 1591.
B. S. Ault, L. Andrews, Inorg. Chem., 1977, 16, 2024.
A. A. Tuinman, A. A. Gakh, R. J. Hinde, R. N. Compton, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 8397.
A. Artau, K. E. Nizzi, B. T. Hill, L. S. Sunderlin, P. G. Wenthold, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122, 10667.
D. J. Tozer, C. P. Sosa, Mol. Phys., 1997, 90, 515.
J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, J. A. Montgomery, Jr., T. Vreven, K. N. Kudin, J. C. Burant, J. M. Millam, S. S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, M. Cossi, G. Scalmani, N. Rega, G. A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, M. Klene, X. Li, J. E. Knox, H. P. Hratchian, J. B. Cross, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R. E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A. J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J. W. Ochterski, P. Y. Ayala, K. Morokuma, G. A. Voth, P. Salvador, J. J. Dannenberg, V. G. Zakrzewski, S. Dapprich, A. D. Daniels, M. C. Strain, O. Farkas, D. K. Malick, A. D. Rabuck, K. Raghavachari, J. B. Foresman, J. V. Ortiz, Q. Cui, A. G. Baboul, S. Clifford, J. Cioslowski, B. B. Stefanov, G. Liu, A. Liashenko, P. Piskorz, I. Komaromi, R. L. Martin, D. J. Fox, T. Keith, M. A. Al-Laham, C. Y. Peng, A. Nanayakkara, M. Challacombe, P. M. W. Gill, B. Johnson, W. Chen, M. W. Wong, C. Gonzalez, J. A. Pople, Gaussian-03, Revision C.02, Gaussian, Inc., Pittsburgh (PA), 2004.
J. B. Foresman, A. Frisch, Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Methods, 2nd ed., Gaussian, Inc., Pittsburg, 1996, 302 pp.
R. M. Minyaev, Russ. Chem. Rev., 1994, 63, 883.
G. A. Zhurko, ChemCraft, Tool for Treatment of the Chemical Data; www.chemcraftprog.com.
J. A. Deiters, R. R. Holmes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 7197.
D. Schrobilgen, R. Krebs, Inorg. Chem., 1984, 23, 1378.
K. O. Christe, D. A. Dixon, P. A. Mercier, J. C. P. Sanders, G. J. Schrobilgen, W. W. Wilson, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 2850.
G. L. Gutsev, T. Ziegler, Inorg. Chem., 1992, 31, 1909.
I. Anusiewicz, S. Freza, C. Sikorska, P. Skurski, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2010, 493, 234.
C.-K. Law, S.-H. Chien, W.-K. Li, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2002, 106, 11271.
M. Hargittai, I. Hargittai, The Molecular Geometries of Coordination Compounds in Vapour Phase, Akademia Kiado, Budapest, 1975.
K. S. Krasnov, N. V. Filippenko, V. A. Bobkova, Molekulyarnye postoyannye neorganicheskikh soedinenii [Molecular Constants of Inorganic Compounds], Khimiya, Leningrad, 1979, 446 pp. (in Russian).
M. W. Chase, Jr., NIST-JANAF Termocheical Tables, 4th ed., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998.
L. Jörissen, H. Prinz, W. A. Kreiner, Ch. Wenger, G. Pierre, G. Magerl, W. Schupita, Can. J. Phys., 1989, 67, 532.
S. Creve, M. T. Nguyen, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1997, 273, 199.
A. E. S. Miller, T. M. Miller, A. A. Viggiano, R. A. Morris, J. M. Van Doren, S. T. Arnold, J. Paulson, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 102, 8865.
L. N. Sidorov, Russ. Chem. Rev., 1982, 51, 356.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2019–2031, November, 2012.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Getmanskii, I.V., Minyaev, R.M. & Minkin, V.I. Effect of counterions on hypervalent interactions in prereaction complexes of S N 2 reactions of bisphenoid compounds of the second and third period elements. Russ Chem Bull 61, 2036–2048 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11172-012-0285-1
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11172-012-0285-1