Abstract
Set in the context of modeling-based learning (MBL), this research investigated the potential of epistemic frames as a theoretical and analytical framework for understanding teaching and learning practices used in classroom communities of practice. Epistemic frames are conceptualized as an orienting lens for a classroom community of practice that emerges out of how they organize knowledge structures and practices to support their ways of knowing. This research examined the types and organization of practices in the classroom where a MBL unit was implemented to understand what sense-making practices were used, and how these practices supported the classroom community’s negotiation of understanding. Through this analysis, a sense of the viability of epistemic frames as a productive theoretical and analytical lens was revealed in terms of providing a better understanding of the nuances and context dependencies of what students and teachers do to make sense of real-world scientific phenomena in classrooms.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Banilower, E. R., Smith, P. S., Weiss, I. R., Malzahn, K. A., Campbell, K. M., & Weis, A. M. (2013). Report of the 2012 National survey of science and mathematics education. Chapel Hill, NC: Horizon Research.
Bell, P., Bricker, L., Tzou, C., Lee, T., & Van Horne, K. (2012). Exploring the science framework: engaging learners in scientific practices related to obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information. Science Scope, 36(3), 17–22.
Berland, L. K. (2011). Explaining variation in how classroom communities adapt the practice of scientific argumentation. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 20(4), 625–664.
Bing, T. J., & Redish, E. F. (2009). Analyzing problem solving using math in physics: epistemological framing via warrants. Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research, 5(020108), 1–15.
Brown, J. S., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher, 18(1), 32–42.
Broudy, H. (1977). Types of knowledge and purposes of education. In R. C. Anderson, R. J. Spiro, & W. E. Montague (Eds.), Schooling and the acquisition of knowledge (pp. 1–17). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Campbell, T. & Bohn, C. (2008). Science laboratory experiences of high school students across one state in the U.S.: Descriptive research from the classroom. Science Educator. 17(1), 36–48.
Campbell, T., Zhang, D., & Neilson, D. (2011). Model based inquiry in the high school physics classroom: An exploratory study of implementation and outcomes. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 20(3), 258–269.
Campbell, T., Neilson, D., & Oh, P. S. (2013). Developing and using models in physics: Grounding instruction around scientifically rich, often complex natural phenomena. The Science Teacher, 80(6), 35–41.
Carlonne, H. (2012). Methodological considerations for studying identity in school science: an anthropological approach. In M. Varelas (Ed.), Identity constructions and science education researcher: learning, teaching, and being in multiple contexts (pp. 9–25). Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense.
Driver, R., Newton, P., & Osborne, J. (2000). Establishing the norms of scientific argumentation in classrooms. Science Education, 84(3), 287–312.
Elby, A., & Hammer, D. (2010). Epistemological resources and framing: a cognitive framework for helping teachers interpret and respond to their students’ epistemologies. In L. D. Bendixon, & F. C. Feucht (Eds.), Personal epistemology in the classroom: theory, research, and implications for practice (pp. 409–434). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Engle, R. A. (2006). Framing interactions to foster generative learning: a situative explanation of transfer in a community of learners classroom. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 15(4), 451–498.
Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five Misunderstandings About Case-Study Research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219–245.
Ford, M. (2008). ‘Grasp of practice’ as a reasoning resource for inquiry and nature of science understanding. Science & Education, 17(2–3), 147–177.
Ford, M. J. (2015). Educational implications of choosing “practice” to describe science in the next generation science standards. Science Education, 99(6), 1041–1048.
Ford, M. J., & Forman, E. A. (2006). Redefining disciplinary learning in classroom contexts. Review of Research in Education, 30(1), 1–32.
Ford, M. J., & Wargo, B. M. (2012). Dialogic framing of scientific content for conceptual and epistemic understanding. Science Education, 96(3), 369–391.
Giere, R. N. (1999). Using models to represent reality. In L. Magnani, N. J. Nersessian, & P. Thagard (Eds.), Model-based reasoning in scientific discovery (pp. 41–57). New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.
Giere, R. (2004). How models are used to represent reality. Philosophy of Science, 71(5), 742–752.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: an essay on the organization of experience. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
Groenewald, T. (2004). A phenomenological research design illustrated. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3(1), 1–25.
Halloun, I. A. (2004). Modeling theory in science education. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishing House.
Hammer, D., Elby, A., Scherr, R. E., & Redish, E. F. (2005). Resources, framing, and transfer In J. P. Mestre (Ed.), Transfer of learning from a modern multidisciplinary perspective (pp. 89–120). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Hutchison, P., & Hammer, D. (2009). Attending to student epistemological framing in a science classroom. Science Education, 94(3), 506–524.
Kelly, G. J. (2008). Inquiry, activity, and epistemic practice. In R. Duschl, & R. Grandy (Eds.), Teaching scientific inquiry (pp. 99–117). Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense.
Knorr-Cetina. (1991). Epistemic cultures: forms of reason in science. History of Political Economy, 23(1), 105–122.
Knorr-Cetina, K. (1999). Epistemic cultures: how the sciences make knowledge. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Lehrer, R., & Schauble, L. (2006). Scientific thinking and scientific literacy. In K. A. Renninger & I. E. Siegel (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology, 6 (Vol. 4, pp. 153–196). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Manz, E. (2015). Representing student argumentation as functionally emergent from scientific activity. Review of Educational Research, 85(4), 553–590.
Manz, E., & Saurez, E. (2017). Supporting teachers to negotiate uncertainty for science, students, and teaching. Science Education, 102, 771–795. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21343.
Mendonça, P. C. C., & Justi, R. (2013). The relationships between modelling and argumentation from the perspective of the model of modelling diagram. International Journal of Science Education, 35(14), 2407–2434.
Morrison, M., & Morgan, M. S. (1999). Models as mediating instruments. In M. S. Morgan & M. Morrison (Eds.), Models as mediators: perspectives on natural and social science (pp. 10–37). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
National Research Council (NRC). (2012). A framework for K-12 science standards: practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Neilson, D., Campbell, T., & Allred, B. (2010). Model-based inquiry in physics: A buoyant force module. The Science Teacher, 77(8), 38–43.
Nersessian, N. J. (1999). Model-based reasoning in conceptual change. In L. Magnani, N. J. Nersessian, & P. Thagard (Eds.), Model-based reasoning in scientific discovery (pp. 5–22). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.
NGSS Lead States. (2013). Next generation science standards: for states, by states. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Oh, P. S., & Oh, S. J. (2011). What teachers of science need to know about models: an overview. International Journal of Science Education, 33(8), 1109–1130.
Passmore, C. M., & Svoboda, J. (2012). Exploring opportunities for argumentation in modeling classrooms. International Journal of Science Education, 34(10), 1535–1554.
Passmore, C., Gouvea, J. S., & Giere, R. (2014). Models in science and in learning science: focusing scientific practice on sense-making. In M. R. Matthews (Ed.), International handbook of research in history, philosophy and science teaching (pp. 1171–1202). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Verlag.
Pickering, A. (1995). Themangle of practice: time, agency, and science. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Rouse, J., (2007). Practice Theory. Division I Faculty Publications. Paper 43. Retrieved fromhttp://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/div1facpubs/43http://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/div1facpubs/43
Russ, R. S., Coffey, J. E., Hammer, D., & Hutchison, P. (2009). Making classroom assessment more accountable to scientific reasoning: a case for attending to mechanistic thinking. Science Education, 93(5), 875–891.
Russ, R. S., & Luna, M. J. (2013). Inferring teacher epistemological framing from local patterns in teacher noticing. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 50(3), 284–314.
Sandoval, W. A. (2005). Understanding students’ practical epistemologies and their influence on learning through inquiry. Science Education, 89(4), 634–656.
Schwarz, C., & Passmore, C. (2012). Preparing for the next generation science standards—developing and using models. [Webinar] National Science Teachers Association. Retrieved from http://learningcenter.nsta.org/products/symposia_seminars/Ngss/webseminar6.aspx.
Shaffer, D. W. (2004). Pedagogical praxis: the professions as models for post-industrial education. Teachers College Record, 106(7), 1401–1421.
Shaffer, D. W. (2006). Epistemic frames for epistemic games. Computers and Education, 46(3), 223–234.
Stewart, J., Cartier, J. L., & Passmore, C. M. (2005). Developing understanding through model-based inquiry. In S. Donovan & J. Bransford (Eds.), How students learn (pp. 515–565). Washington DC: National Academies Press.
United States Census Bureau. (2010). Diversity. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=49.
Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Windschitl, M. (2003). Inquiry projects in science teacher education: what can investigative experiences reveal about teacher thinking and eventual classroom practice? Science Education, 87(1), 112–143.
Windschitl, M. (2012), Ambitious teaching as the “new normal” in American science classrooms: how will we prepare the next generation of professional educators?. Lecture. University: Pennsylvania State.
Windschitl, M. & Calabrese Barton, A. (2016) Rigor and equity by design: seeking a core of practices for the science education community. AERA Handbook of Research on Teaching, 5th Edition.
Windschitl, M., & Thompson, J. (2013). The modeling toolkit: making student thinking visible with public representations. The Science Teacher, 80(6), 63–69.
Windschitl, M., Thompson, J., & Braaten, M. (2008). Beyond the scientific method: model-based inquiry as a new paradigm of preference for school science investigations. Science Education, 92(5), 941–967.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Campbell, T., Fazio, X. Epistemic Frames as an Analytical Framework for Understanding the Representation of Scientific Activity in a Modeling-Based Learning Unit. Res Sci Educ 50, 2283–2304 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-018-9779-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-018-9779-7