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Efficient photodegradation of 2, 4-D by B-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets prepared by a two-step thermal polymerization method

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Abstract

The photocatalytic application of graphic carbon nitrate (g-C3N4) was limited due to the defects of few exposed active sites and serious recombination rate of photogenerated carrier. In this paper, boric acid-assisted thermal etching strategy is designed from melamine as precursor to realize nanosheets of B-doped porous g-C3N4 as high-performance photocatalyst and first applied to the mineralization and degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) wastewater. Porous morphologies with increased specific surface area accelerate photocatalytic activity. It is noted that boron atoms were simultaneously doped into g-C3N4 matrix, which broke the symmetry of pristine g-C3N4, resulting in more effective separation of electron/hole pairs. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, the removal efficiency of 2, 4-D over this catalyst increased up to 94.9%. The degradation rate was maintained at 78.4% after four reuse cycles, indicating that the catalyst has decent stability. Based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, degradation pathways were designed. The proposed synthesis strategy provides meaningful guidance for the industrial-scale production of high-performance g-C3N4 and its practical application in the environmental field.

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Funding

This work was supported by Key Research & Development Program of Gansu Province (No. 21YF5FA083), the central government guides local science and technology development funds (2021), Youth PhD Fund of Gansu Provincial Department of Education (2021), the West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences (2019), Gansu Leading Talents Program (2020) and Feitian Scholar Program (2022).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China

    Yubing Liu, Yuan Wei, Chao Liu, Hongyu Wang, Xin Li, Guanghong Zhao, Ronghui Liu, Wanping Chen, Runquan Wang, Gaofeng Shi & Guoying Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China

    Yubing Liu, Yuan Wei, Chao Liu, Hongyu Wang, Xin Li, Guanghong Zhao, Ronghui Liu, Wanping Chen, Runquan Wang, Gaofeng Shi & Guoying Wang

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  1. Yubing Liu
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  5. Xin Li
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  10. Gaofeng Shi
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  11. Guoying Wang
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Contributions

YL conceived the research, conducted experiments, performed data analysis and interpretation, implemented the research strategy for this work and wrote the manuscript. YW, CL, HW and XL arranged for experimental materials and analysis and gave suggestions on experimental design and implementation. GZ and RL have helped with carrying out SEM and TEM analysis. RW and WC revised the manuscript and gave technical suggestions. GS and GW supervised the whole project, finalized the design, did conceptualization, funding acquisition, project administration, resource supervision, validation, critical revision and editing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Gaofeng Shi or Guoying Wang.

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Liu, Y., Wei, Y., Liu, C. et al. Efficient photodegradation of 2, 4-D by B-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets prepared by a two-step thermal polymerization method. Res Chem Intermed 49, 5061–5082 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-023-05141-0

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