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Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs)-decorated hematite@MIL-101(Cr) photocatalyst for the removal of carbamazepine

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Abstract

A series of NCDs-decorated hematite@MIL-101(Cr) (marked as HMC) hybrids were innovatively and successfully developed for the highly efficient removal of carbamazepine in this study, which were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. And, the successful preparation of the hybrid was directly proved by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and XPS. N2 adsorption–desorption result revealed good textural properties of the hybrid. The evaluation results indicated that the as-prepared hybrids possessed markedly promoted removal performances for CBZ. Compared with other hybrids, 0.3HMC2 with introducing FeCl3·6H2O (0.3 g) and NCDs (2 mL) presented an optimum adsorption–photocatalysis coupling effects. The photodegradation efficiency over the hybrid was able to reach 100% within 60 min under visible-light irradiation. The excellent performances should be ascribed to good textural properties, π–π interaction formation, fast electron separation nature of NCDs and internal Z-scheme construction between hematite and MIL-101(Cr) phases. Meanwhile, the hybrid 0.3HMC2 showed good stability and reusability for photocatalytic degradation of CBZ. Furthermore, a possible mechanism for the removal of CBZ was also proposed to illustrate the photodegradation process. It is thus clear that the hybrid HMC is a promising catalyst for the removal of CBZ in wastewater.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (B2020203025, B2019203384) and Doctoral Science Foundation of Yanshan University (No. BL19027).

Funding

Quan Huo, Suyan Liu and Jianzheng Song received support from Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (B2020203025, B2019203384) and Doctoral Science Foundation of Yanshan University (No. BL19027), respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, Hebei, People’s Republic of China

    Suyan Liu, Xiaoran Qi, Zhanpeng Fan, Jianzheng Song & Quan Huo

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  1. Suyan Liu
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  2. Xiaoran Qi
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  3. Zhanpeng Fan
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SL wrote the main manuscript text. XQ and ZF prepared all figures and tables. JS and QH proposed experimental ideas, reviewed and edited the manuscript, provided experimental resources and supervised the experimental process. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jianzheng Song or Quan Huo.

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Liu, S., Qi, X., Fan, Z. et al. Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs)-decorated hematite@MIL-101(Cr) photocatalyst for the removal of carbamazepine. Res Chem Intermed 49, 3825–3846 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-023-05070-y

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