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2D heterojunction of C, N, S co-doped TiO2/g-C3N4 nanosheet with high-speed charge transport toward highly efficient photocatalytic activity

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Abstract

Z-type 2D/2D C, N, S co-doped TiO2/g-C3N4 (DTCN) photocatalysts possessing high catalytic activity were prepared via a simple ultrasonic recombination method. The catalysts’ microscopic morphology, crystal structure, chemical composition, and optical properties were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible tests. The photocatalytic activity was also assessed via the degradation of the organic pollutant RhB. The results showed that DTCN could achieve 85.3% degradation of the target pollutant within 60 min, which was 2.47 times (34.5%) and 1.76 times (48.5%) more than TiO2 and g-C3N4. The first-order kinetic constants of DTCN reached 0.02838, which was 4.11 and 2.66 times that of TiO2 and g-C3N4. Nonmetallic C, N, S (CNS) co-doping effectively improved sunlight utilization of TiO2 nanosheets through the generation of impurity bands in the forbidden band area. The Z-type heterojunction formed via the coupling of g-C3N4 and CNS–TiO2 promoted the separation of photoinduced carriers and improved the charge transfer efficiency, boosting the TiO2 photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, the 2D–2D heterojunction provided a high-speed transport channel for charges.

Graphical Abstract

Z-type 2D–2D DTCN nanosheet heterojunctions were successfully fabricated. Nonmetallic CNS co-doped effectively improved sunlight utilization of TiO2 nanosheets through the generating of impurity bands in the forbidden band area. Furthermore, the Z-type heterojunction formed via the coupling of g-C3N4 and CNS–TiO2 promoted the photoinduced carrier separation and improved the charge transfer efficiency, so boosting the TiO2 photocatalytic performance.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support from the University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province (No. 2022AH050848), the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. 1808085ME130), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51702003), Graduate Innovation Fund of Anhui University of Science and Technology (No. 2022CX2133).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanics and Photoelectric Physics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, People’s Republic of China

    Pingping Wei & Juan Gao

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, People’s Republic of China

    Hanyong Cai, Lingcheng Zheng, Yanfen Wang & Yang Li

  3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, People’s Republic of China

    Gang He

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  1. Pingping Wei
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Contributions

PW contributed to investigation, data processing, and photocatalytic test. JG contributed to conceptualization and writing—original draft. HC contributed to investigation and photocatalytic test. LZ contributed to reviewing manuscript. YW contributed to photocatalytic test. YL contributed to software and validation. GH contributed to supervision. YL contributed to supervision.

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Correspondence to Juan Gao or Lingcheng Zheng.

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Wei, P., Gao, J., Cai, H. et al. 2D heterojunction of C, N, S co-doped TiO2/g-C3N4 nanosheet with high-speed charge transport toward highly efficient photocatalytic activity. Res Chem Intermed 49, 3747–3764 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-023-05051-1

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