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Heteropoly ionic liquids functionalized γ-Fe2O3 NPs: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application in selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde using H2O2 as a green oxidant

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Abstract

A novel series of heteropoly ionic liquids [HMIm]3[PW12O40], [HMIm]3[PMo12O40], and [HMIm]4[SiW12O40] were synthesized and supported on magnetic γ-Fe2O3 NPs to get magnetic heterogeneous catalysts, Fe2O3-[HMIm]3[PW12O40], Fe2O3-[HMIm]3[PMo12O40], and Fe2O3-[HMIm]4[SiW12O40]. The materials were characterized using various techniques such as FTIR, EDX, XRD, TEM, SEM, elemental mapping, EPR, TGA, and VSM analyses. Among the three heteropoly ionic liquids, [HMIm]3[PW12O40] had very strong acidic sites, as confirmed by potentiometric titration. Fe2O3-[HMIm]3[PW12O40] had also very strong acidic property as analyzed by potentiometric titration. Further, thermal stability of Fe2O3-[HMIm]3[PW12O40] was assessed using TGA analysis, and the catalyst was found stable up to 500 °C. The catalytic prospect of the materials was examined through selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde using H2O2 as a green oxidant. The reaction was monitored using GC–MS analysis. Among the three magnetic materials, Fe2O3-[HMIm]3[PW12O40] had the highest catalytic activity in terms of conversion of benzyl alcohol (98%) and benzaldehyde selectivity (100%). A recyclability study of Fe2O3-[HMIm]3[PW12O40] was done and found that the material was recyclable up to 7 cycles without any significant loss in its catalytic performance.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful for University Sophisticated Instrumentation Facility (USIF), AMU, Aligarh for EDX, SEM, TEM, and Elemental Mapping facilities, and IIT Kanpur, Kanpur for vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis.

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  1. Green Chemistry Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India

    Abdulaziz Abdullah Qasem Ali & Zeba N. Siddiqui

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Conceptualization was done by ZNS; methodology was done by AAQA; material preparation, data collection, and analysis were done by AAQA; formal analysis and investigation were done by AAQA; writing—original draft preparation were done by AAQA; writing—review and editing were done by ZNS; funding acquisition was not applicable; Resources were not applicable; and supervision was done by ZNS.

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Correspondence to Zeba N. Siddiqui.

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Ali, A.A.Q., Siddiqui, Z.N. Heteropoly ionic liquids functionalized γ-Fe2O3 NPs: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application in selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde using H2O2 as a green oxidant. Res Chem Intermed 49, 1085–1113 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-022-04945-w

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