Abstract
A green, highly efficient, and eco-friendly protocol for Knoevenagel–Michael addition reaction is reported in Chickpea leaf exudates (CLE) as a naturally sourced biosurfactant. The reactions between dimedone/4-hydroxycoumarins and a variety of aryl aldehydes were carried out in presence of CLE to afford diketodiols/biscoumarins. The synthetic pathway complies with several key requirements of green chemistry principles such as the employment of natural feedstock as green reaction media, ambient temperature, atom economy along with natural biosurfactant type Bronsted acids, and recyclable and biodegradable catalyst which led to a 28-fold increase in molar efficiency versus industrial standard protocols. Its dynamic phase is confirmed by the optical microscopy technique and critical micelle concentration measurement. The notable advantages of the present protocol were simple work-up procedure, high yield within short reaction time, easy separation of products, avoiding tedious column chromatography thus making the protocol environmentally friendly, sustainable, and economical.
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Acknowledgements
One of the authors Rupesh C. Patil is grateful to SARTHI, Pune (Government of Maharashtra) for the award of CMSRF-2019 fellowship [CIN-U74999PN2018NPL177394, dated 11th Sept. 2019]. The authors are also thankful to Shivaji University, Kolhapur and Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, for spectral analysis.
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Patil, R.C., Zambare, D.N., Damate, S.A. et al. Chickpea leaf exudates (CLE) mediated Knoevenagel–Michael reactions for the synthesis of diketodiols and biscoumarins. Res Chem Intermed 48, 2181–2198 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-022-04707-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-022-04707-8