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Preparation of active carbon through one-step NaOH activation of coconut shell biomass for phenolic wastewater treatment

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Abstract

A series of coconut shell-based activated carbon (BAC-T) adsorbents with different activation temperature (T, °C) were prepared by one-step NaOH activation of coconut shell carbon (BAC) for phenol adsorption. The effects of activation temperature and adsorption conditions (adsorbent dosage, adsorption temperature and pH value) on removal of phenol onto BAC-T adsorbents were investigated systematically. Results showed that the BAC-800 prepared at the activation temperature of 800 °C was found to possess the highest specific surface area of 1069 m2·g−1. Up to 97.7% phenol removal rate was achieved with BAC-800 under the optimized conditions. The phenol removal rate onto BAC-T positively correlated to the surface area. Compared with the parent BAC, the adsorption rate has been significantly improved after activation due to the increase in surface area and pore volume, as well as formation of more graphite C–C bond on the surface of BAC-T. The zero point of charge of BAC-800 is 7.2 and therefore natural solution is beneficial to achieve high phenol removal rate. Additionally, the phenol adsorption onto BAC-800 fitted well with pseudo-first-order kinetics model and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, suggesting the monolayer adsorption behavior is dominant. The BAC-800 showed high adsorption maximum capacity of 300 mg·g−1 for phenol which is much higher than those of reported data. The adsorption is mainly through the π–π and hydrogen bond interactions, and hydrophobic effect.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, Heilongjing, China

    Mengping Li, Yuanyuan Wang, Yanxiu Liu, Huan Wang & Hua Song

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  1. Mengping Li
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Li, M., Wang, Y., Liu, Y. et al. Preparation of active carbon through one-step NaOH activation of coconut shell biomass for phenolic wastewater treatment. Res Chem Intermed 48, 1665–1684 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-021-04650-0

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