Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using Fe3O4@TiO2/Cu2O magnetic nanocomposite stabilized on granular activated carbon from aqueous solution

  • Published:
Research on Chemical Intermediates Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present study, Fe3O4@TiO2/Cu2O nanocomposites were synthetized and supported on granular activated carbon (GAC). The synthesized nanocomposite coated on GAC was used as catalyst in photocatalytic process for 2,4-dichloropenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) removal from aqueous solutions. The coated nanocomposite was characterized using XRD, TEM, BET, VSM, UV–Vis DRS, SEM and EDX tests to evaluate its surface morphology and elemental compounds. Results indicated that the photocatalytic efficiency for the removal of 2,4-D was reduced with increasing solution pH, and the maximum removal efficiency was obtained at solution pH of 5. The photocatalytic efficiency was increased with increasing catalyst dosage from 0.1 to 0.4 g/L. The results implied that reaction temperature played a key role in the photocatalytic performance and the process efficiency increased with increasing reaction temperature in the range of 10–35 °C. The kinetic study showed that the photocatalytic process followed the first-order kinetic model. Moreover, in the photocatalytic process, ·OH acted as the main agent for the oxidation of 2,4-D. According to the results, Fe3O4@TiO2/Cu2O magnetic nanocomposite supported on GAC offered a suitable performance after five cycles, and therefore, it can be used as a reusable and cost-effective catalyst for removing such toxins from polluted waters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. Leili, A. Pirmoghani, M.T. Samadi, R. Shokoohi, G. Roshanaei, A. Poormohammadi, Iran. J. Public Health 45, 1481 (2016)

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. J.H. Ross, J.H. Driver, S.A.H.I. Harris, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 41, 8211 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Z. Oghabian, N. Ghanbarzadeh, M.D. Sharifi, O. Mehrpour, Int. J. Med. Toxicol. Forensic Med. 4, 104 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  4. T.E. Félix-Cañedo, J.C. Durán-Álvarez, B. Jiménez-Cisneros, Sci. Total Environ. 454–455, 109 (2013)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. D.H. Garabrant, M.A. Philbert, Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 32, 233 (2002)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. I.K. Konstantinou, T.A. Albanis, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 20, 1 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  7. K.H. Wang, Y.H. Hsieh, M.Y. Chou, C.Y. Chang, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 21, 1 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  8. B. Ohtani, Y. Ogawa, S.I. Nishimoto, J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 3746 (1997)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. I. Tsuji, H. Kato, A. Kudo, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 3565–3568 (2005)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. C.G. Da Silva, J.L. Faria, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 155, 133 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Q. Li, H. Su, T. Tan, Biochem. Eng. J. 38, 212 (2008)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. L. Yang, S. Luo, Y. Li, Y. Xiao, Q. Kang, Q. Cai, Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 7641 (2010)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. H. Tong, L. Zhao, D. Li, X.N. Zhang, J. Alloy Compd. 509, 6408 (2011)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. L. Huang, Y. Sun, W. Wang, Q. Yue, T. Yang, Chem. Eng. J. 171, 3 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  15. F. Nemati, M.M. Heravi, R. Saeedirad, J. Catal. 33, 1825 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  16. F. Nemati, A. Elhampour, Res. Chem. Intermed. 42, 7611 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Z. Noorimotlagh, I. Kazeminezhad, N. Jaafarzadeh, M. Ahmadi, Z. Ramezani,  J. Hazard. Mater. 350 (2018)

  18. A. Changsuphan, M.I.B. Wahab, N.T. Oanh, Chem. Eng. J. 181, 215 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  19. T. Ahmadifard, R. Heydari, M.J. Tarrahi, G. Shams Khorramabadi, Chem. React. Eng. 159, 1555 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Association APH, Association AWW, Federation WPC, Federation WE. American Public Health Association, vol. 20 (2005)

  21. Y. Omidi Khaniabadi, R. Heydari, H. Nourmoradi, H. Basiri, H. Basiri, Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 68, 90 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  22. X. Li, Y. Wu, W. Zhu, F. Xue, Y. Qian, C. Wang, Electrochim. Acta 220, 276 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J. Chen, K. Huang, S. Liu, Electrochim. Acta 55, 1 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. N. Jaafarzadeh, B. Kakavandi, A. Takdastan, R. Rezaei Kalantary, M. Azizi, S. Jorfi, RSC Adv. 103, 84718 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  25. M. Golshan, B. Kakavandi, M. Ahmadi, M. Azizi, J. Hazard Mater. 359, 325 (2018)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. L.J. Zhou, Y.C. Zou, J. Zhao, P.P. Wang, L.L. Feng, L. Sun, D. Wang, G. Li, Sens. Actuators B Chem. 188, 533 (2013)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Z.A. Alothman, Materials 5, 2874 (2012)

    CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. X. Liu, Z. Zhou, G. Jing, J. Fang, Sep. Purif. Technol. 115, 129 (2013)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. G. Asgari, F. Samiee, M. Ahmadian, A. Poormohammadi, Appl. Water Sci. 7, 393 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Li, X. Liu, Q. Zhang, B. Wang, C. Yu, H. Rashid, F. Lai, Molecules 23, 2816 (2018)

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Y. Park, A.L. Mackie, S.A. MacIsaac, G.A. Gagnon, Environ. Sci. Water Res. 4, 9 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  32. X. Fu, L.A. Clark, W.A. Zeltner, M.A. Anderson, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 97, 181 (1996)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Y. Bessekhouad, D. Robert, J.V. Weber, Catal. Today 101, 315 (2005)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. X. Kang, S. Liu, Z. Dai, Y. He, X. Song, Z. Tan, Catalysts 9, 191 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  35. N. Jaafarzadeh, F. Ghanbari, M. Ahmadi, Chem. Eng. J. 320, 436 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. M. Golshan, B. Kakavandi, M. Ahmadi, M. Azizi, J. Hazard Matter 359, 325 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. P. Chelmeayala, M.G. Eldin, D.W. Smith, Water Res. 44, 2221 (2010)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. B.Z. Li, X.Y. Xu, L. Zhu, J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 11, 177 (2010)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. R.W. Bovey, A.L. Young, The Science of 2,4,5-T and Associated Phenoxy Herbicides (Wiley, Hoboken, 1980)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Q. Wang, Y. Shao, N. Gao, W. Chu, X. Shen, X. Lu, Y. Zhu, Chem. Eng. J. 304, 201 (2016)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. S. Jorfi, B. Kakavandi, H.R. Motlagh, M. Ahmadi, N. Jaafarzadeh, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 219, 216 (2017)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. A.R. Rahmani, A. Poormohammadi, F. Zamani, Y.T. Birgani, S. Jorfi, S. Gholizadeh et al., Res. Chem. Intermed. 44, 5501 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. X. Qian, M. Ren, Y. Zhu, D. Yue, Y. Han, J. Jia, Y. Zhao, Environ. Sci. Technol. 51, 3993 (2017)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This paper is the results of a PhD thesis of Naghmeh Orooji at the Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz Branch. This research work was financially supported by the Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz Branch and Ahwaz Municipal Water and Wastewater Company, Khuzestan province, Iran. The authors would like to thank the Honorable Managing Director of Abfa Ahvaz Company, Engineer Moridi, and staff of Ahwaz Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant No. 2 for their help and support.

Funding

This work was supported by the Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz Branch and Ahwaz Municipal Water and Wastewater Company, Khosestan province, Iran (Grant Number ETRC 30006).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

    Naghmeh Orooji, Afshin Takdastan & Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh

  2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Afshin Takdastan & Sahand Jorfi

  3. Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Afshin Takdastan & Sahand Jorfi

  4. Department of Environmental Management (HSE), Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

    Amir Hossein Davami

Authors
  1. Naghmeh Orooji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Afshin Takdastan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sahand Jorfi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Amir Hossein Davami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Afshin Takdastan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declared no conflict of interest regarding this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Orooji, N., Takdastan, A., Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, R. et al. Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using Fe3O4@TiO2/Cu2O magnetic nanocomposite stabilized on granular activated carbon from aqueous solution. Res Chem Intermed 46, 2833–2857 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-020-04124-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-020-04124-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation