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A green protocol for the synthesis of new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives using Fe2O3/ZrO2 as a reusable catalyst

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Abstract

An efficient protocol to synthesize a series of new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives under mild conditions is developed. The catalyst consists of iron loaded on zirconia (Fe2O3/ZrO2) and is reusable for up to six cycles. Excellent yields (92–98%) were obtained under room-temperature conditions in a short time (~ 20 min) with ethanol as solvent. Different wt% of catalyst material was prepared by simple wet-impregnation technique, and materials were characterised by powder-XRD, TEM, SEM, BET and FT-IR techniques. The structures of the new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives were confirmed employing various spectroscopic techniques. Facile preparation and avoidance of any column separation are the main advantages of this protocol.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the National Research Foundation of South Africa, and University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, for financial support and research facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Durban, 4000, South Africa

    Sandeep V. H. S. Bhaskaruni, Suresh Maddila, Werner E. van Zyl & Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda

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  1. Sandeep V. H. S. Bhaskaruni
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  2. Suresh Maddila
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  3. Werner E. van Zyl
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  4. Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda
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Correspondence to Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda.

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Bhaskaruni, S.V.H.S., Maddila, S., van Zyl, W.E. et al. A green protocol for the synthesis of new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives using Fe2O3/ZrO2 as a reusable catalyst. Res Chem Intermed 45, 4555–4572 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-019-03849-6

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