Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Assessment of operating parameters for photocatalytic degradation of a textile dye by Fe2O3/TiO2/clinoptilolite nanocatalyst using Taguchi experimental design

  • Published:
Research on Chemical Intermediates Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the current study, a nanophotocatalyst doped with of TiO2 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles supported on Iranian clinoptilolite was synthesized and characterized by XRD, XRF, SEM, and EDX analyses. The results suggested the successful loading of TiO2 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles onto the surface of clinoptilolite. The SEM images confirmed the average size of nanoparticles deposited on zeolite, which was about 20–40 nm. Furthermore, application of the synthesized photocatalyst in photocatalytic degradation of Acid Black 172 dye was studied using the Taguchi method and the chosen parameters were as follows: pH (2–7), dye concentration (50–200 mg/l), irradiation time (30–120 min), and catalyst dosage (0.5–1.5 g/l). The results indicate that dye concentration, pH, and irradiation time are respectively the most effective factors in these experiments while with the minimum dosage of the catalyst (0.5 g/l), up to 90 % removal efficiency could be achieved. The optimum value for each parameter was pH = 2, dye concentration = 50 mg/l, catalyst dosage = 1 g/l and irradiation time = 60 min, and the dye removal efficiency reached up to 100 % at these optimal conditions. Furthermore, after five-times recycling and reusing the catalyst, the efficiency of the photocatalytic degradation was reduced from 91.5 to 65.9 %, which is still an acceptable value.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. Dasgupta, J. Sikder, S. Chakraborty, S. Curcio, E. Drioli, Remediation of textile effluents by membrane based treatment techniques: a state of the art review. J. Environ. Manage. 147, 55–72 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. A. Asghar, A.A.A. Raman, W.M.A.W. Daud, Advanced oxidation processes for in situ production of hydrogen peroxide/hydroxyl radical for textile wastewater treatment: a review. J. Clean. Prod. 87, 826–838 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. D. Shahidi, R. Roy, A. Azzouz, Review Advances in catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants—prospects for thorough mineralization by natural clay catalysts. Appl. Catal. B 174–175, 277–292 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. A.R. Ribeiro, O.C. Nunes, M.F.R. Pereira, A.M.T. Silva, Review an overview on the advanced oxidation processes applied for the treatment of water pollutants defined in the recently launched Directive 2013/39/EU. Environ. Int. 75, 33–51 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Y. Yalcin, M. Kilic, Z. Cinar, Fe+ 3-doped TiO2: a combined experimental and computational approach to the evaluation of visible light activity. Appl. Catal. B 99, 469–477 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. A.T. Nguyen, R.S. Juang, Photocatalytic degradation of p-chlorophenol by hybrid H2O2 and TiO2 in aqueous suspensions under UV irradiation. J. Environ. Manage. 147, 271–277 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. I. Arslan, I. Akmehmet Balcioglu, D.W. Bahnemann, Heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment of simulated dyehouse effluents using novel TiO2-photocatalysts. Appl. Catal. B 26, 193–206 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Alinsafi, F. Evenou, E.M. Abdulkarim, M.N. Pons, O. Zahraa, A. Benhammou, A. Yaacoubi, A. Nejmeddine, Treatment of textile industry wastewater by supported photocatalysis. Dyes Pigments 74, 439–445 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. N.F. Jaafar, A.A. Jalil, S. Triwahyono, M.N. Muhid, N. Sapawe, M. Satar, H. Asaari, Photodecolorization of methyl orange over α-Fe2O3-supported HY catalysts: the effects of catalyst preparation and dealumination. Chem. Eng. J. 191, 112–122 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Zhang, D. Fu, H. Gao, L. Deng, Mechanism of enhanced photocatalysis of TiO2 by Fe3+ in suspensions. Appl. Surf. Sci. 258, 1294–1299 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Huang, C. Xu, Z. Wu, Y. Huang, J. Lin, J. Wu, Photocatalytic discolorization of methyl orange solution by Pt modified TiO2 loaded on natural zeolite. Dyes Pigments 77, 327–334 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Chong, B. Jin, C.W.K. Chow, C. Saint, Recent developments in photocatalytic water treatment technology: a review. Water Res. 44, 2997–3027 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. M. Nikazar, K. Gholivand, K. Mahanpoor, Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye Acid Red 114 in water with TiO2 supported on clinoptilolite as a catalyst. Desalination 219, 293–300 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. F. Sunada, A. Heller, Effects of water, salt water, and silicone overcoating of the TiO2 photocatalyst on the rates and products of photocatalytic oxidation of liquid 3-octanol and 3-octanone. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 282–286 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. P. Niu, J. Hao, Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by titanium dioxide-decatungstate nanocomposite films supported on glass slides. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 431, 127–132 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. F. Brites-Nobrega, N.B. Polo, M. Benedetti, M.D. Leao, V. Santana, R.C. Fernandes-Machado, Evaluation of photocatalytic activities of supported catalysts on NaX zeolite or activated charcoal. J. Hazard. Mater. 263P, 61–66 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. N. Sobana, M. Swaminathan, Combination effect of ZnO and activated carbon for solar assisted photocatalytic degradation of Direct Blue 53. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91, 727–734 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. W.S. Kuo, P.H. Ho, Solar photocatalytic decolorization of dyes in solution with TiO2 film. Dyes Pigments 71, 212–217 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. C. Wang, H. Shi, Y. Li, Synthesis and characterization of natural zeolite supported Cr-doped TiO2 photocatalysts. Appl. Surf. Sci. 258, 4328–4333 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. C. Wang, C. Lee, M. Lyu, L. Juang, Photocatalytic degradation of C.I. Basic Violet 10 using TiO2 catalysts supported by Y zeolite: an investigation of the effects of operational parameters. Dyes Pigments 76, 817–824 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Faramarzpour, M. Vossoughi, M. Borghei, Photocatalytic degradation of furfural by titania nanoparticles in a floating-bed photoreactor. Chem. Eng. J. 146, 79–85 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Khatamian, S. Hashemian, A. Yavari, M. Saket, Preparation of metal ion (Fe3+and Ni2+) doped TiO2 nanoparticles supported on ZSM-5 zeolite and investigation of its photocatalytic activity. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 177, 1623–1627 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. C. Wang, H. Shi, Y. Li, Synthesis and characteristics of natural zeolite supported Fe3+–TiO2 photocatalysts. Appl. Surf. Sci. 257, 6873–6877 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. S.S. Madaeni, S. Koocheki, Application of Taguchi method in the optimization of wastewater treatment using spiral-wound reverse osmosis element. Chem. Eng. J. 119, 37–44 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. C.B.C. Raj, H.L. Quen, Advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: optimization of UV/H2O2 process through a statistical technique. Chem. Eng. Sci. 60(19), 5305–5311 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. M.R. Sohrabi, A. Khavaran, S. Shariati, S. Shariati, Removal of Carmoisine edible dye by Fenton and photo Fenton processes using Taguchi orthogonal array design. Arab. J. Chem. (2014). doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.02.019

  27. J.A. Ghani, I.A. Choudhury, H.H. Hassan, Application of Taguchi method in the optimization of end milling parameters. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 145, 84–92 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. L.S. Clesceri, A.E. Greenberg, A.D. Eaton, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edn. (American Public Health Association, Washington, 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  29. M. Majdan, M.K. Ternes, S. Pikus, P. Staszczuk, H. Skrzypek, E. Zieba, Vibrational and scanning electron microscopy study of the mordenite modified by Mn Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd. J. Mol. Struct. 649, 279–285 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. O. Korkuna, R. Leboda, J.S. Zieba, T. Vrublevska, V.M. Gunko, J. Ryczkowski, Structural and physicochemical properties of natural zeolites: clinoptilolite and mordenite. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 87, 243–254 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. J. Grzechulska, A.W. Morawski, Photocatalytic decomposition of azo-dye acid black 1 in water over modified titanium dioxide. Appl. Catal. B 36(1), 45–51 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. C. Yaman, G. Gunduz, A parametric study on the decolorization and mineralization of C.I. Reactive Red 141 in water by heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation over FeZSM-5 zeolite. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 13, 7–19 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. J. Jeni, S. Kanmani, Solar nanophotocatalytic decolorisation of reactive dyes using titanium dioxide. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 8(1), 15–24 (2011)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. I.M. Arabatzis, T. Stergiopoulos, M.C. Bernard, D. Labou, S.G. Neophytide, P. Falaras, Silver-modified titanium dioxide thin films for efficient photodegradation of methyl orange. Appl. Catal. B 42, 187–201 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. K.V. Subba Rao, M. Subrahmanyam, P. Boule, Immobilized TiO2 photocatalyst during long-term use: decrease of its activity. Appl. Catal. B 49, 239–249 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors greatly acknowledge Gol Nesar Textile Company for supplying Acid Black 172 dye. We also appreciate the guidance of Dr. SH. Tangestani-nejad and Dr. A. Nezamzadeh throughout our research experiments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Isfahan, PO Box 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran

    Arsou Arimi, Mehrdad Farhadian, Ali Reza Solaimany Nazar & Maryam Homayoonfal

  2. Environmental Research Institute, University of Isfahan, PO Box 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran

    Arsou Arimi & Mehrdad Farhadian

Authors
  1. Arsou Arimi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mehrdad Farhadian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ali Reza Solaimany Nazar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Maryam Homayoonfal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mehrdad Farhadian.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Arimi, A., Farhadian, M., Solaimany Nazar, A.R. et al. Assessment of operating parameters for photocatalytic degradation of a textile dye by Fe2O3/TiO2/clinoptilolite nanocatalyst using Taguchi experimental design. Res Chem Intermed 42, 4021–4040 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-015-2255-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-015-2255-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation