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Complexities of reef fisheries in Brazil: a retrospective and functional approach

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Abstract

Reef fisheries are multispecific and employ a variety of fishing gears across marine environments, even in remote areas. This intricate and multifaceted nature of reef fisheries is often overlooked in management strategies, leading to global management failures. In Brazil, information about reef fisheries is often scarce and scattered. This stems from inadequate policies and an unrecognized societal value of reef fisheries. Here, we combine nationwide reef fish landing data (1950–2015) with an extensive literature review on Brazilian reef fisheries. We explore temporal and spatial patterns in total landings, species traits, functional diversity and composition to understand the current scenario, identify drivers of change and highlight information gaps. Brazilian reef fisheries rapidly increased in landing volume, number of targeted species and exploited traits in the 1980’s, despite mainly targeting carnivorous fish (groupers, snappers, jacks and trevallies). Exploited functional space increased over time, mainly due to the incorporation of smaller and lower-trophic level species that gradually were added to the pool of fished species. Local and international markets have been the main drivers behind these patterns, while subsistence fishing is marginal. Lack of proper management and enforcement of existing regulations have led to population declines, dwindling total catches since the early 2000’s, and numerous threatened species. Artisanal fishing accounts for the majority of catches, raising concern on the social impacts of degraded reef fisheries. We highlight the urgent need for adequate fishing statistics, and the use/application of science-based management and policy actions to secure productive fisheries and healthy reef ecosystems in Brazil.

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Data availability

The data and R routine used to conduct this research are available at https://github.com/Sinbiose-Reefs/diagnostics

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Acknowledgements

This research was conducted by the Reef Synthesis Working Group (ReefSYN) funded by the Synthesis Center on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, National Council for Scientific & Technological Development (SinBiose, CNPq, #442417/2019-5 to MGB). LE received a post-doctoral fellowship from CNPq (#150095/2022-8). ALL received post-doctoral fellowships from CNPq (#153024/2022-4, #164240/2021-7, #151228/2021-3, #152410/2020-1). HTP thanks Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (grant 2019/24215-2; 2021/07039-6). PFML thanks CNPq for a productivity grant (302365/2022-2), TCM thanks CNPq for a postdoctoral fellowship (#102450/2022-6) and GOL is also grateful to a research productivity scholarship provided by CNPq  (308072/2022-7). JAR-F received a scholarship for post-doctoral fellowship from FADESP (#339020/2022). The authors also wish to thank M. Dias, M. Vianna and J. Anchieta for advice and information regarding Brazilian fisheries and an anonymous reviewer for useful comments.

Authors’ contributions

L Eggertsen led the literature review and manuscript writing, supervised by MG Bender. AL Luza led data analysis, supervised by CS Dambros, MS Dias, and CAMM Cordeiro. All authors contributed to the conceptualization and the text of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA

    Linda Eggertsen

  2. Department of Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    Linda Eggertsen, André L. Luza, Cristian Dambros, Daniele A. Vila-Nova & Mariana G. Bender

  3. Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil

    César A. M. M. Cordeiro

  4. Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24210-201, Brazil

    Carlos E. L. Ferreira & Thiago C. Mendes

  5. Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Sergio R. Floeter & Natalia Hanazaki

  6. Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP, 11612-109, Brazil

    Ronaldo B. Francini-Filho & Hudson T. Pinheiro

  7. Laboratório de Ecologia Pesqueira, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil

    Kátia M. F. Freire

  8. Fisheries Ecosystems Laboratory, Oceanographic Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-130, Brazil

    Maria A. Gasalla

  9. Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

    Tommaso Giarrizzo

  10. Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil

    Tommaso Giarrizzo

  11. Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Campus Oriximiná, Oriximiná, PA, 68270-000, Brazil

    Vinicius J. Giglio

  12. Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’Foscari University of Venice, Mestre, VE, Italy

    Natalia Hanazaki

  13. Department of Ecology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-900, Brazil

    Priscila F. M. Lopes

  14. Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-900, Brazil

    Guilherme O. Longo

  15. Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0810 , Australia

    Osmar J. Luiz

  16. Inst Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília, DF, 70673-401, Brazil

    Rafael A. Magris

  17. Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Juan P. Quimbayo

  18. Graduate Studies Program in Ecology: Theory, Application and Values, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil

    José Amorim Reis-Filho

  19. Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil

    José Amorim Reis-Filho

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Eggertsen, L., Luza, A., Cordeiro, C.A.M.M. et al. Complexities of reef fisheries in Brazil: a retrospective and functional approach. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 34, 511–538 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-023-09826-y

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