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A long term overview of freshwater fisheries in France

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Abstract

The large-scale production and economy of French freshwater fisheries is not documented in the scientific literature. This article fills this knowledge gap by synthesizing the data collected since the post-war period, including a large part of the grey literature. France presents a wide variety of surface waters, benefiting from a reduction in pollution and a growing population with an emphasis on leisure activities and on locally sourced food products. Despite this favorable geographical, ecological and human situation, French freshwater fisheries have been in decline since the mid-1970s with a chronically negative trade balance for aquatic products. During this period, numbers of commercial fishers have decreased three-fold due to their affiliation to an agricultural status, and to their dependence on migratory species such as eel, shad and lamprey, which are all in decline. Simultaneously, numbers of anglers have also seen a slow but continuous decline, cushioned somewhat in the last 10 years thanks to the creation of sub-annual fishing cards and the expansion of the total to include the younger classes. Vestiges of a non-commercial fishery, similar to recreational subsistence fishing and employing gear such as dip nets, traps, long lines or even gillnets, have been maintained in a much reduced state around large rivers as well as in the marshes and estuaries of the Atlantic coast. In this detailed study of these different categories of fishing practices in the mid-2010s, we estimate numbers of fishers at 2 million active anglers, 4000 subsistence fishers, and 400 commercial fishers. Their catches are roughly 7600, 200 and 1200 tonnes/year, respectively, for a total of 9000 tonnes/year. The major part of the overall economic worth, estimated at 980,000 K€, is attributable to recreational fishers (anglers).

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Jérôme Guillouet, from the Fédération Nationale de la Pêche en France et de la protection du milieu aquatique, who provided the number of taxes since 2006 for recreational fisheries and reviewed/edited the text. We are also very grateful to the fishers, fishery wardens, management technicians and scientists who have contributed to the collection and maintenance of the data used in this study, which owes much to an institution that has now disappeared: the ”Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche”. It was not always possible to quote them and we ask for their understanding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France

    Thomas Changeux

  2. Comité National de la Pêche Professionnelle en Eau Douce, Parc d’activités Estuaire Sud, Rue du Camp d’aviation, 44320, Saint Viaud, France

    Philippe Boisneau & Nicolas Stolzenberg

  3. Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, INRAE, UMR CARRTEL, 74203, Thonon-les-Bains Cedex, France

    Chloé Goulon

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TC collected the data, wrote the text and produced the figures. NS provided the number of taxes since 2006 for commercial fisheries and reviewed/amended the text. PB and CG reviewed/amended the text.

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Correspondence to Thomas Changeux.

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The authors and associated persons in the Acknowledgements participate actively in all the different types of fisheries in France; this article thus provides an overview accepted by all these types of fisheries.

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Changeux, T., Boisneau, P., Stolzenberg, N. et al. A long term overview of freshwater fisheries in France. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 34, 19–41 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-023-09803-5

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