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A meta-analytical review of the effects of environmental and ecological drivers on the abundance of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico

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Abstract

We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize current knowledge on the effects of environmental and ecological drivers on the abundance of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) within the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. We reviewed 1252 published research articles and extracted or calculated effect sizes for 12 drivers from 82 independent studies within 26 articles that met our inclusion criteria. We used a fixed-effect model to calculate the absolute value of the mean effect size of each driver by age class studied and pooled across age classes to estimate effects on the overall abundance of red snapper. Habitat complexity and intra-specific competition had large effects on overall abundance and juvenile abundance, while habitat type and protection from predators showed medium to large effects on age 0 recruits and juvenile red snapper, and the mean effect of all drivers studied for adult red snapper were small or had no effect on abundance. Our results provide systematic support for the role of density-dependent mechanisms (habitat quality and availability, competition, predation) in shaping the regional abundance of red snapper, particularly during the juvenile stages. Sensitivity analyses indicated that issues with non-independence (e.g. within-article correlation), between-study heterogeneity, and publication bias influenced the magnitude and certainty of effect size estimates in a subset of drivers. Thus, our meta-analytical review also highlights the need for more empirical research on certain drivers (e.g. temperature, hypoxia) to improve our understanding of the factors that shape the regional abundance of red snapper.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Gulf Research Program of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine for the financial support to complete this research study. We also thank the staff of the National Center for Ecological Analysis & Synthesis (NCEAS), especially Matthew Jones, Amber Budden, Bryce Mecum, Chris Lortie, and Julien Brun, for assistance with data processing and synthesis, and Ginger Gillquist for logistical support. This work was completed as part of the 2017 Open Science for Synthesis: Gulf Research Program training workshop.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA

    Brad E. Erisman & Derek G. Bolser

  2. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA

    Alexander Ilich

  3. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA

    Kaitlin E. Frasier

  4. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Cassandra N. Glaspie

  5. Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA

    Paula T. Moreno

  6. Independent Consultant, Pascagoula, MS, 39581, USA

    Paula T. Moreno

  7. Ocean Conservancy, Gulf Restoration Program, St Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA

    Andrea Dell’Apa

  8. Council for Watershed Health, Pasadena, CA, 91105, USA

    Andrea Dell’Apa

  9. Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA

    Kim de Mutsert

  10. Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA

    Mohammad S. Yassin

  11. School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    Sunil Nepal

  12. San Diego State University Imperial Valley, Calexico, CA, 92231, USA

    Tingting Tang

  13. UCF Marine Turtle Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA

    Alexander E. Sacco

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  1. Brad E. Erisman
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  2. Derek G. Bolser
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  3. Alexander Ilich
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Contributions

Authorship was arranged by level of contribution to different components of the manuscript (descending order), except for the last author, which recognized the leadership of AES for the overall project. All authors helped conceive the ideas in the review; BEE, AI, DGB, KEF, and AD designed the methodology; BEE, AI, KEF, PTM, AD, MSY, SN, KM and DGB reviewed the literature and compiled the data; BE generated and curated the literature review and effect size databases; CNG, AI, DGB, and BE analyzed the data; AI, DGB, BE, KEF, and SN created the figures and tables; BE wrote the manuscript with DGB, PTM, and KM contributing critically to the drafts, and all authors reviewed and edited of all versions of the manuscript; AES obtained the funding and coordinated efforts to complete the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Brad E. Erisman.

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Erisman, B.E., Bolser, D.G., Ilich, A. et al. A meta-analytical review of the effects of environmental and ecological drivers on the abundance of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 30, 437–462 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-020-09608-w

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