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Taking stock: a Large Marine Ecosystem perspective of socio-economic and ecological trends in East China Sea fisheries

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Abstract

The East China Sea (ECS) Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) is a globally significant fishing ground, but the absence of cooperative regional management impedes the future sustainability of ECS fisheries. To navigate around nationally focused perspectives, we provide an up to date synthesis about the socio-economic importance and status of ECS fisheries at the ecosystem level, which is currently lacking in the literature. Our review indicates that ECS LME fisheries contribute around 6 million t in catch and USD 13 billion in landed value annually, and employ up to an estimated 1.4 million, the majority of who are small-scale fishers. However, the fisheries benefits are threatened by intense fishing pressure and rapid economic development which exacerbates the effects of overfishing. The future of ECS fisheries also faces climate uncertainties, which has already been associated with shifts in species distribution and spatial distribution of fishing effort. At the LME level, political disputes that inhibit crucial multilateral fisheries management threaten the future sustainability of ECS fish stocks, and also weaken the effects of national management measures which have largely failed to address fisheries overcapacity and coastal marine degradation. Continuing on a path focussed on national interests without considering LME wide dynamics risks jeopardising the significant fisheries socio-economic and ecological benefits that accrue to all LME countries. Thus, our review emphasises the urgency for multilateral ECS fisheries management to enhance ecosystem resilience so that fisheries resources can continue to support the region’s human, social, and economic well-being into the future.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Source: Sea Around Us

Fig. 3

Source: Sea Around Us

Fig. 4

Source: Sea Around Us

Fig. 5

Data source: Compiled from national fisheries statistics of China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan

Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Source: Sea Around Us (2019)

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Notes

  1. East China Sea population was estimated by summing up the population living in prefectures or districts bordering the ECS in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. The population breakdown is as follows:

    China: 197,690,000 (Shanghai municipality and Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian provinces) Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China http://data.stats.gov.cn.

    Japan: 12,184,000 (Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Kagoshima, Okinawa prefectures) Source: Japan Statistical Yearbook 2017.

    Korea: 623,332 (Jeju island) Source: Statistics Korea kostat/go.kr.

    Taiwan: 6,499,071 (New Taipei, Taoyuan, Keelung, Yilan districts) Source: National Statistics Taiwan https://eng.stat.gov.tw.

  2. Small-scale fisheries in the Sea Around Us database consist of artisanal (small-scale commercial fishing), subsistence (fishing for home consumption only), and recreational sectors. Small-scale fisheries are defined as those that operate within the Inshore Fishing Area, i.e., within domestic waters to a maximum of 50 km from the coast or to 200 m depth, whichever comes first. See seearoundus.org/catch-reconstruction-and-allocation-methods/for details.

  3. Consumption rates provided by FAO refer to fish supply per capita, rather than actual consumption.

  4. Source: http://www.cinon.com.au/item/509188.aspx.

  5. South China Sea Fisheries Resources and Management Workshop, held in Kaoshiung, Taiwan, June 2017. Participants included national fisheries scientists and managers from China, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, and Taiwan.

  6. Seventh Experts Meeting on Maritime Confidence Building, held in Beijing, China, December 2017. Participants included maritime enforcement agencies from China, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, and Indonesia.

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Acknowledgements

This study forms part of the Ocean Asia project funded by ADM Capital Foundation, Hong Kong. Our review benefitted from the insights and expertise of the participants in the ‘Ocean Asia East China Sea Expert Consultation Workshop’ held at the Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, from August 20–21, 2018.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fisheries Economics Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Louise S. L. Teh, Tim Cashion & U. Rashid Sumaila

  2. Changing Oceans Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    William W. L. Cheung

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  1. Louise S. L. Teh
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  2. Tim Cashion
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Correspondence to Louise S. L. Teh.

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Teh, L.S.L., Cashion, T., Cheung, W.W.L. et al. Taking stock: a Large Marine Ecosystem perspective of socio-economic and ecological trends in East China Sea fisheries. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 30, 269–292 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-020-09599-8

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