Abstract
Dam constructions cause fundamental changes in the natural landscape, creating new ecological and evolutionary challenges for aquatic organisms. In some cases, such water impoundments have been related with morphological changes in organisms. Understanding how populations respond to rapid environmental changes imposed by dams is the first step to elucidate the consequences that disturbed habitats may have on species evolution. In this work, we analyzed shape and size variation in Bryconamericus iheringii Boulenger 1887 from the Chasqueiro stream basin, south of Brazil, which was recently dammed. We used linear measurements and geometric morphometrics to identify morphological differences among specimens from the reservoir (lentic habitat) compared to the habitat upstream and downstream of the dam (lotic habitats). We also tested for size- and shape-related sexual dimorphism to determine whether variations observed were the same for both sexes. We found that B. iheringii from the artificial reservoir were distinct in shape and size to those from their natural habitat in the stream. The size variation between environments was the same for both sexes, but the shape variation differed between males and females. Regarding the linear measurements, lotic populations were larger (greater body length, width, pectoral fin base length and caudal peduncle length), probably in response to increased swimming activity. Regarding body shape, we found that both sexes have a more fusiform body in lotic habitats than in the reservoir. In addition, females showed an altered mouth position that was distinct between these environments. This work indicates that the water reservoir seems to be an important factor influencing morphological variation in B. iheringii, a species with sexual shape dimorphism.
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Acknowledgments
This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001, FAPERGS (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul) FAPERGS/CNPq-PRONEX Number 16/0485-4 and by the Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship for Foreign Students, Switzerland. We also are grateful to MSc. Daiana K. Garcez, Prof. Dr. Ricardo Berteaux Robaldo, Dr. Bruna F. Nornberg and Dr. Daiane Carrasco for the field support. We would further like to thank three anonymous referees for comments on a previous version of this manuscript. The ethics Committee of Animal Use of the University of Rio Grande (CEUA/FURG, Number P023/2016) has approved this research.
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Perazzo, G.X., Corrêa, F., Salzburger, W. et al. Morphological differences between an artificial lentic and adjacent lotic environments in a characid species. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 29, 935–949 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-019-09582-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-019-09582-y