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Genetic structure and diversity of migratory freshwater fish in a fragmented Neotropical river system

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Abstract

Over the past few decades, South American Rivers, including the Paraná River system, have been intensely impacted by dam constructions. To mitigate adverse impacts, fish passages were incorporated into two large dams on the Paraná River (Itaipu and Porto Primavera) to reestablish longitudinal connectivity, which is very important for conserving populations of migratory fish species. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic diversity, population differentiation and gene flow, using microsatellites markers and mitochondrial haplotypes (d-loop), in populations of Prochilodus lineatus, a long distance migratory species commonly found in Paraná River basin drainages. Samples were obtained from six locations in the Upper and Middle Paraná River: Porto Primavera Reservoir, downstream of the Porto Primavera Reservoir, four tributaries of this reservoir (Pardo, Peixe, Verde and Aguapeí Rivers) and in the Iguaçu River, downstream of the Itaipu dam. High genetic diversity was observed in all samples, as expected for species with large population sizes and high migration rates. However, the influence of other factors, such as secondary contacts, fish passages and restocking were also suggested. In general, evidence of spatial population structuring was not found, even though there were two large dams in the study area. This could also be attributed to the brief period that has elapsed since the dams were built, the influence of migratory and reproductive patterns and the possible contributory effects of the fish passages. Furthermore, the absence of population structuring also corroborates existing information that emphasizes the importance of unimpeded tributaries for conserving migratory fish populations in fragmented watersheds.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the Companhia Energética de São Paulo and ICMBio-Iguaçu National Park for financial and logistic support; to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for the scholarship awarded to D.G. Ferreira; and to IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources)/ICMBio-System (Institute Chico Mendes—MMA) for permission to collect samples. Silvia H. Sofia, Sérgio Makrakis and Oscar A. Shibatta are research fellow at the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Genética e Ecologia Animal (LAGEA), Depto. de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil

    Dhiego Gomes Ferreira, Lenice Souza-Shibatta & Silvia Helena Sofia

  2. Museu de Zoologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil

    Oscar Akio Shibatta

  3. Area 52 Research group, UCD Science Education and Research Centre – East, School of Biology and Environmental Science/Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland

    Jens Carlsson

  4. Companhia Energética de São Paulo – CESP, Rod. Marechal Rondon, km 667, Castilho, SP, 16920-000, Brazil

    João Henrique Pinheiro Dias

  5. Grupo de Pesquisa em Tecnologia em Ecohidráulica e Conservação de Recursos Pesqueiros e Hídricos – GETECH, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua da Faculdade, 645, Jardim Santa Maria, Toledo, PR, 85903-000, Brazil

    Sergio Makrakis & Maristela Cavicchioli Makrakis

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  1. Dhiego Gomes Ferreira
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  2. Lenice Souza-Shibatta
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  3. Oscar Akio Shibatta
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  4. Silvia Helena Sofia
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  6. João Henrique Pinheiro Dias
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  7. Sergio Makrakis
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  8. Maristela Cavicchioli Makrakis
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Correspondence to Dhiego Gomes Ferreira.

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Ferreira, D.G., Souza-Shibatta, L., Shibatta, O.A. et al. Genetic structure and diversity of migratory freshwater fish in a fragmented Neotropical river system. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 27, 209–231 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-016-9441-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-016-9441-2

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