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Evolutionary diversification of Western Atlantic Bathygobius species based on cytogenetic, morphologic and DNA barcode data

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Abstract

A number of fish groups, such as Gobiidae, are highly diversified and taxonomically complex. Extensive efforts are necessary to elucidate their cryptic diversity, since questions often arise about the phylogenetic aspects of new species. Clarifications about the diversity and phylogeny of the Bathygobius species from the southwestern Atlantic are particularly needed. Evidence has been accumulating on the Brazilian coast regarding the possible presence of new species while doubts remain about the taxonomic status of others. The taxonomic identification of some species of Bathygobius has been problematic, given their generally conservative external morphology, and several species are recognized as cryptic. This situation hinders understanding the real diversity in this taxon. Taken together, genetic, cytogenetic and morphometric analyses have been effective in identifying new species of this genus. Here we describe the karyotypic features and morphological patterns of three Western South Atlantic species of Bathygobius. Furthermore, its cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene sequences were compared with those of species from Central America, North America and the Caribbean. The broad analyses performed demonstrated an unsuspected diversity, leading to the identification of an un-described new species (Bathygobius sp.2) and the geographic redefinition of another, Bathygobius sp.1, undoubtedly a branch of B. geminatus, hitherto inaccurately identified as B. mystacium on the coast of Brazil.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank CNPq (Proc. 556793/2009-9), INCT “Marine Sciences” and FAPESB (565054/2010-4 and 8936/2011) for financial support; CAPES for the scholarship granted to GWWFC and ASS, CNPq (Proc. 309879/2013-2) for the research grant to RSR, and ICMBio SISBIO (licenses 19135-1, 27027-2 and 131360-1) for permits to collect specimens. We are also grateful to José Lima de Figueiredo and Oswaldo Oiakawa (MZUSP) for the loan of specimens, to João Eduardo Pereira de Freitas (UFC) for making available specimens he collected, and to Jose Garcia Jr. for taxonomic identification of specimens.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59.078-970, Brazil

    Paulo Augusto Lima-Filho, Allyson de Santos de Souza, Gideão Wagner Werneck Félix da Costa & Wagner Franco Molina

  2. Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, PB, 58.059-900, Brazil

    Ricardo de Souza Rosa

  3. Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, 18.618-970, Brazil

    Claudio de Oliveira

  4. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte, Macau, RN, Brazil

    Paulo Augusto Lima-Filho

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  1. Paulo Augusto Lima-Filho
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  2. Ricardo de Souza Rosa
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Correspondence to Wagner Franco Molina.

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Lima-Filho, P.A., Rosa, R.S., Souza, A.S. et al. Evolutionary diversification of Western Atlantic Bathygobius species based on cytogenetic, morphologic and DNA barcode data. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 26, 109–121 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-015-9411-0

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