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Disentangling the controversial identity of the halfbeak stock (Hemiramphus brasiliensis and H. balao) from northeastern Brazil using multilocus DNA markers

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Abstract

Reliable biological identification is essential for effective management programs for fishery resources. In many cases, individuals of species with overlapping features and/or subtle morphological differences can be misidentified by traditional taxonomic procedures. The conservation status (i.e., genetic diversity) of commercial fishery stocks of the Southern Atlantic are in general poorly understood. The halfbeak populations found off the coast of northeastern Brazil represent a suitable model for testing controversial identifications, given that the two local species (Hemiramphus brasiliensis and H. balao) not only present very subtle morphological differences, but are also harvested intensively. The present study examined the potential occurrence of the two species off the coast of the Brazilian state of Pernambuco using a multilocus DNA approach, which also provided insights into the conservation status of these stocks in relation to the genetic variation found in both mitochondrial and nuclear regions, analyzed by molecular systematics and population genetics parameters. The results indicated the presence of only one halfbeak species in the region, reinforced by phylogenetic relationships and population genetics in both mitochondrial and nuclear loci. The conservation status of the stocks in terms of their genetic diversity appears to be good despite the intense exploitation. The results of this study provide a new perspective for the conservation and management of this fishery resource, particularly given the fact that the intensive exploitation over the last five decades appears to have impacted a single species, rather than two.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Tania Rieger and Dr. Sergio Maia Queiroz Lima for their valuable comments at the original manuscript, as well as CNPq and FACEPE for the Grants that supported this research. The authors are also grateful for the comments from the two anonymous referees. R.A.Torres is grateful to Carole Baldwin, PhD (Smithsonian Institution) and Nathan Lovejoy, PhD (University of Toronto Scarborough) for their valuable information about the vouchered sequences of Hemiramphus spp. from genebank. R.A.Torres is especially grateful to CNPq for the research fellowship provided (Grant Numbers 306099/2011-0 and 301208/2012-3). This study is a contribution of inctAmbTrop—Brazilian National Institute of Sciences and Technology for Tropical Marine Enviroments CNPq/FAPESB Grants: 565054/2010-4 and 8936/2011.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva e Ambiental, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Nelson Chaves s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil

    Rodrigo A. Torres, Filipe Alberto dos Santos & Flávia R. S. Andrade

  2. Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Filipe Alberto dos Santos

  3. Laboratório de Ictiologia (LABICTIO), Campus Heróis do Jenipapo, Universidade Estadual do Piauí (UESPI), Av. Sto. Antônio s/n, São Luís, Campo Maior, Piauí, 64.280-000, Brazil

    Guilherme F. Gondolo

  4. Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, UFRPE, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil

    Rosangela P. R. Lessa

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  1. Rodrigo A. Torres
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Correspondence to Rodrigo A. Torres.

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Torres, R.A., dos Santos, F.A., Andrade, F.R.S. et al. Disentangling the controversial identity of the halfbeak stock (Hemiramphus brasiliensis and H. balao) from northeastern Brazil using multilocus DNA markers. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 25, 379–394 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-015-9381-2

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