Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spatial and temporal scale of density-dependent body growth and its implications for recruitment, population dynamics and management of stream-dwelling salmonid populations

  • Point-of-View
  • Published:
Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Density-dependent variations in body growth and size have important consequences for the population dynamics of stream-dwelling salmonid populations, since body size is related to a variety of ecologically relevant characteristics. These include survival and fecundity, competitive and predatory abilities, and foraging behavior. However, little work has been done to understand how density-dependent body growth varies across temporal and spatial scales and when this compensatory process is relevant for recruitment and population dynamics of stream-dwelling salmonids. Increased intra- or inter-cohort competition reduces growth rates of juveniles. Both within- and among-cohort differences at the juvenile stage are likely to be maintained through the lifetime. Limited movement or dispersal can lead to subdivision of a population into several local populations with independent dynamics. The spatial and temporal variation in movement and the patchy distribution of resources make fish likely to experience density-dependence across location, life-stage, and season. The relaxation of density-dependent suppression of body growth at low densities constitutes a potential mechanism for salmonids to persist in the face of environmental perturbation and may contribute to explaining the peculiar resilience to population collapses often showed by salmonids. The inclusion of density-dependent growth in population models may increase the usefulness of model predictions in management contexts. Models not accounting for density-dependent growth may underestimate the recovery potential of resident salmonid populations when they collapse to low densities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aars J, Johannesen E, Ims RA (1999) Demographic consequences of movements in subdivided root vole populations. Oikos 85:204–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Albon SD, Guinness FE, Clutton-Brock TH (1983) The influence of climatic variation on the birth weights of red deer (Cervus elaphus). J Zool 200:295–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali M, Nicieza A, Wootton RJ (2003) Compensatory growth in fishes: a response to growth depression. Fish Fish 4:147–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez D, Nicieza AG (2005) Compensatory response “defends” energy levels but not growth trajectories in brown trout, Salmo trutta L. P R Soc Lond B 272:601–607

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arendt JA (1997) Adaptive intrinsic growth rates: an integration across taxa. Q Rev Biol 72:149–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aymes J-C, Larrieu M, Tentelier C, Labonne J (2010) Occurrence and variation of egg cannibalism in brown trout Salmo trutta. Naturwissenschaften 97:435–439

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beckerman AP, Benton TG, Lapsley CT, Koesters N (2003) Talkin’ bout my generation: environmental variability and cohort effects. Am Nat 162:754–767

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beissinger SR (1995) Modeling extinction in periodic environments: Everglades water levels and Snail Kite population viability. Ecol Appl 5:618–631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson SM, Satterthwaite WH (2011) Weak portfolio effect in a collapsed fish population complex. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 68:1579–1589

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson SM, Seamons TR (2008) A review of quantitative genetic components of fitness in salmonids: implications for adaptation to future change. Evol Appl 1:222–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cattanéo F, Lamouroux N, Breil P, Capra H (2002) The influence of hydrological and biotic processes on brown trout (Salmo trutta) population dynamics. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 59:12–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ciannelli L, Chan KS, Bailey KM, Stenseth NC (2004) Nonadditive effects of the environment on the survival of a large marine fish population. Ecology 85:3418–3427

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cole KS, Sadovy Y (1995) Evaluating the use of spawning success to estimate reproductive success in a Caribbean reef fish. J Fish Biol 47:181–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crisp DT (1993) Population densities of juvenile trout (Salmo trutta) in five upland streams and their effects upon growth, survival and dispersal. J Appl Ecol 30:759–771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cushing DH (1974) The natural regulation of fish populations. In: Harden-Jones FR (ed) Sea fisheries research. Elek Science, pp, pp 399–412

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodson JJ, Gibson RJ, Cunjak RA, Friedland KD, Garcia de Leaniz C, Gross MR, Newbury R, Nielsen JL, Power ME, Roy S (1998) Elements in the development of conservation plans for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 55:312–323

    Google Scholar 

  • Einum S, Sundt-Hansen L, Nislow KH (2006) The partitioning of density-dependent dispersal, growth and survival throughout ontogeny in a highly fecund organism. Oikos 113:489–496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Einum S, Nislow KH, Reynolds JD, Sutherland WJ (2008) Predicting population responses to restoration of breeding habitat in Atlantic salmon. J Appl Ecol 45:930–938

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Einum S, Robertsen G, Nislow KH, McKelvey S, Armstrong JD (2011) The spatial scale of density-dependent growth and implications for dispersal from nests in juvenile Atlantic salmon. Oecologia 165:959–969

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Einum S, Nislow KH, McKelvey S, Armstrong JD (in press). The spatial scale of competition from recruits on an older cohort in Atlantic salmon. Oecologia 167:1017–1025

  • Elliott JM (1987) The distances traveled downstream-moving trout fry, Salmo trutta, in a Lake District stream. Freshw Biol 17:491–499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott JA (1994) Quantitative ecology and the brown trout. Oxford University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Fogarty M, Rosenberg A, Sissenwine M (1992) Fisheries risk assessment sources of uncertainty: a case study of Georges Bank haddock. Environ Sci Technol 26:440–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fox MG (1994) Growth, density, and interspecific influences on pumpkinseed sunfish life histories. Ecology 75:1157–1171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frank BM, Piccolo JJ, Baret PV (2011) A review of ecological models for brown trout: towards a new demogenetic model. Ecol Freshw Fish 20:167–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser FJ (1969) Population density effects on survival and growth of juvenile coho salmon and steelhead trout in experimental stream-channels. In: Northcote TG (ed) Symposium on salmon and trout in streams. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, pp 253–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Gee AL, Milner NJ, Hemsworth RJ (1978) The effect of density on mortality in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). J Anim Ecol 47:497–505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gerking SD (1959) The restricted movement of fish populations. Biol Rev 34:221–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson AJF, Bowlby HD, Amiro PG (2008) Are wild populations ideally distributed? Variations in density-dependent habitat use by age class in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 65:1667–1680

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gowan C, Young MK, Fausch KD, Riley SC (1994) Restricted movement in resident stream salmonids: a paradigm lost? Can J Fish Aquat Sci 51:2626–2637

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant JWA, Imre I (2005) Patterns of density-dependent growth in juvenile stream-dwelling salmonids. J Fish Biol 67:100–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartman GF, Scrivener JC (1990) Impacts of forestry practices on a coastal stream ecosystem, Carnation Creek, British Columbia (Canada). Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 223

  • Harvey BC, Nakamoto RJ (1996) Effects of steelhead density on growth of coho salmon in a small coastal California stream. Trans Am Fish Soc 125:237–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendry AP, Stearns SC (eds) (2004) Evolution illuminated: salmon and their relatives. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Houde ED (1994) Differences between marine and freshwater fish larvae: implications for recruitment. ICES J Mar Sci 51:91–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchings JA (1994) Age- and size-specific costs of reproduction within and among populations of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis. Oikos 70:12–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchings JA (2003) Life histories of fish. In: Hart PJB, Reynolds JD (eds) Handbook of fish biology and fisheries Vol. 1. Fish biology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp 149–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Imre I, Grant JWA, Cunjack RA (2005) Density-dependent growth of young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick. J Anim Ecol 74:508–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Imre I, Grant JWA, Cunjak RA (2010) Density-dependent growth of young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) revisited. Ecol Freshw Fish 19:1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins TM Jr, Diehl S, Kratz KW, Cooper SD (1999) Effects of population density on individual growth of brown trout in streams. Ecology 80:941–956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jespersen LB, Toft S (2003) Compensatory growth following early nutritional stress in the wolf spider Pardosa prativaga. Funct Ecol 17:737–746

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnsson JI, Bohlin T (2006) The cost of catching up: increased winter mortality following structural growth compensation in the wild. P R Soc Lond B 273:1281–1286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson B, Jonsson N (2011) Ecology of Atlantic salmon and brown trout. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson N, Jonsson B, Fleming IA (1996) Phenotypically plastic response of egg production to early growth in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Funct Ecol 10:89–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaspersson R, Höjesjö J (2009) Density-dependent growthrate in an age-structured population: a field study on stream-dwelling brown trout Salmo trutta. J Fish Biol 74:2196–2215

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keeley ER (2001) Demographic responses to food and space competition by juvenile steelhead trout. Ecology 82:1247–1259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall BE, Fox GA (2002) Variation among individuals and reduced demographic stochasticity. Conserv Biol 16:109–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kingsolver JG et al (2001) The strength of phenotypic selection in natural populations. Am Nat 157:245–261

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klemetsen A, Amundsen P-A, Dempson JB, Jonsson B, Jonsson N, O’Connell MF, Mortensen E (2003) Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., brown trout Salmo trutta L. and Artic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.): a review of aspects of their life histories. Ecol Freshw Fish 12:1–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kozlowski J (2006) Why life histories are diverse. Pol J Ecol 54:585–605

    Google Scholar 

  • Kvingedal E, Einum S (2011) Intracohort and intercohort spatial density dependence in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 68:115–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen KW, Boutin S (1994) Movements, survival, and settlement of red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) offspring. Ecology 75:214–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leggett WC, DeBlois E (1994) Recruitment in marine fishes: is it regulated by starvation and predation in egg and larval stages. Neth J Sea Res 32:119–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Letcher BH, Terrick TD (1998) Maturation of male age-0 Atlantic salmon following a massive, localized flood. J Fish Biol 53:1243–1252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindstrom J (1999) Early development and fitness in birds and mammals. Trends Ecol Evol 14:343–348

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lobón-Cervia J (2000) Determinants of parr size variations within a population of brown trout Salmo trutta L. Ecol Freshw Fish 9:92–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lobón-Cerviá J (2005) Spatial and temporal variation in the influence of density dependence on growth of stream-living brown trout (Salmo trutta). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 62:1231–1242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lobón-Cerviá J (2007) Density-dependent growth in stream-living Brown trout Salmo trutta L. Funct Ecol 21:117–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lobón-Cerviá J (2009) Why, when and how do fish populations decline, collapse and recover? The example of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Rio Chaballos (northwestern Spain). Freshw Biol 54:1149–1162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lobón-Cerviá J (2010) Density-dependence constrains mean growth rate while enhancing individual size variation in stream salmonids. Oecologia 164:109–115

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lobón-Cerviá J, Utrilla C, Rincon P, Amezcua F (1997) Environmentally induced spatio-temporal variations in the fecundity of brown trout Salmo trutta L.: trade-offs between egg size and number. Freshw Biol 38:277–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Łomnicki A (1988) Population ecology of individuals. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzen K (2005) Population dynamics and potential of fisheries stock enhancement: practical theory for assessment and policy analysis. Philos Trans R Soc B 360:171–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzen K (2008) Fish population regulation beyond “stock and recruitment”: the role of density-dependent growth in the recruited stock. Bull Mar Sci 83:191–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzen K, Enberg K (2002) Density-dependent growth as a key mechanism in the regulation of fish populations: evidence from among-population comparisons. Proc R Soc Lond B 269:49–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig D (1979) Is it meaningful to estimate a probability of extinction? Ecology 80:298–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lytle DA, Poff NL (2004) Adaptation to natural flow regimes. Trends Ecol Evol 19:94–100

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mangel M (1996) Computing expected reproductive success of female Atlantic salmon as a function of smolt size. J Fish Biol 49:877–882

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangel M, Abrahams M (2001) Age and longevity in fish, with consideration of the ferox trout. Exp Geront 36:765–790

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinussen P, Robertsen G, Einum S (2010) Density-dependent diet composition of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Ecol Freshw Fish. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00468.x

  • McCallum H (1994) Modelling translocation strategies for the bridled nailtail wallaby Onychogalea fraenata Gould, 1840. In: Serena M (ed) Reintroduction biology of Australian and New Zealand fauna. Surrey Beatty, Sydney, pp 7–14

    Google Scholar 

  • McGurk MD (1996) Allometry of marine mortality of Pacific salmon. Fish Bull 94:77–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe NB, Monaghan P (2001) Compensation for a bad start: grow now, pay later? Trends Ecol Evol 16:254–260

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Milner NJ et al (2003) The natural control of salmon and trout populations in streams. Fish Res 62:111–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore JW, McClure M, Rogers LA, Schindler DE (2010) Synchronization and portfolio performance of threatened salmon. Conserv Lett 3:340–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morales J, Haydon D, Friar J, Holsinger K, Fryxell J (2004) Extracting more out of relocation data: building movement models as mixtures of random walks. Ecology 85:2436–2445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrissey MB, Ferguson MM (2011) Individual variation in movement throughout the life cycle of a stream-dwelling salmonid fish. Mol Ecol 20:235–248

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers RA, Cadigan NG (1993) Density-dependent juvenile mortality in marine demersal fish. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 50:1576–1590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakano S (1995) Competitive interactions for foraging microhabitats in a size-structured interspecific dominance hierarchy of two sympatric stream salmonids in a natural habitat. Can J Zool 73:1845–1854

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newman RM (1993) A conceptual model for examining density dependence in the growth of stream trout. Ecol Freshw Fish 2:121–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nordwall F, Naslund I, Degerman E (2001) Intercohort competition effects on survival, movement, and growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Swedish streams. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 58:2298–2308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nylin S, Gotthard K (1998) Plasticity in life-history traits. Annu Rev Entomol 43:63–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ojanguren AF, Reyes-Gavilàn FG, Brana F (1996) Effects of egg size on offspring development and fitness in brown trout, Salmo trutta L. Aquaculture 147:9–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ottaway EM, Forrest DR (1983) The influence of water velocity on the downstream movement of alevins and fry of brown trout, Salmo trutta L. J Fish Biol 23:221–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parra I, Almodóvar A, Ayllón D, Nicola GG, Elvira B (2011) Ontogenetic variation in density-dependent growth of brown trout through habitat competition. Freshw Biol 56:530–540

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peters RH (1983) The ecological implications of body size. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Post DM, Kitchell JF, Hodgson JR (1998) Interactions among adult demography, spawning date, growth rate, predation, overwinter mortality, and the recruitment of largemouth bass in a northern lake. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 55:2588–2600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Post JR, Parkinson EA, Johnston NT (1999) Density-dependent processes in structured fish populations: interaction strengths in whole-lake experiments. Ecol Monogr 69:155–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rankin MA, Burchsted JCA (1992) The cost of migration in insects. Annu Rev Entomol 37:533–559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez MA (2002) Restricted movement in stream fish: the paradigm is incomplete, not lost. Ecology 83:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Roff DA (1992) The evolution of life histories: theory and analysis. Chapman and Hall, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Roghair CN, Dolloff CA, Underwood MK (2002) Response of a brook trout population and instream habitat to a catastrophic flood and debris flow. Trans Am Fish Soc 131:718–730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rollinson N, Hutchings JA (2010) Why does egg size increase with maternal size ? Effects of egg size and egg density on offspring phenotypes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Evol Ecol Res 12:949–960

    Google Scholar 

  • Roni P, Quinn TP (2001) Density and size of juvenile salmonids in response to placement of large woody debris in western Oregon and Washington streams. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 58:282–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose KA et al (2001) Compensatory density dependence in fish populations: importance, controversy, understanding and prognosis. Fish Fish 2:293–327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothschild BJ (1986) Dynamics of marine fish populations. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothschild BJ (2000) “Fish stocks and recruitment”: the past thirty years. ICES J Mar Sci 57:191–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Satterthwaite WH, Beakes MP, Collins EM, Swank DR, Merz JE, Titus RG, Sogard SM, Mangel M (2009) Steelhead life history on California’s central coast: insights from a state dependent model. Trans Am Fish Soc 138:532–548

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Satterthwaite WH, Beakes MP, Collins EM, Swank DR, Merz JE, Titus RG, Sogard SM, Mangel M (2010) State-dependent life history models in a changing (and regulated) environment: steelhead in the California Central Valley. Evol App 3:221–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlichting CD, Pigliucci M (1998) Phenotipic evolution: a reaction norm perspective. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd JG, Cushing DH (1990) Regulation in fish populations: myth or mirage? Philos Trans R Soc B 330:151–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sogard SM (1997) Size-selective mortality in the juvenile stage of teleost fishes: a review. Bull Mar Sci 60:1129–1157

    Google Scholar 

  • Stearns SC (1992) The evolution of life histories. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenseth NC, Chan KS, Tavecchia G, Coulson T, Mysterud A, Clutton-Brock T, Grenfell B (2004) Modelling nonadditive and nonlinear signals from climatic noise in ecological time series: Soay sheep as an example. Proc R Soc Lond B 271:1985–1993

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strong DR (1986) Density-vague population change. Trends Ecol Evol 1:39–42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sundström LF, Lõhmus M, Devlin RH (2005) Selection on increased intrinsic growth rates in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. Evolution 59:1560–1569

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thorpe JE, Mangel M, Metcalfe NB, Huntingford FA (1998) Modelling the proximate basis of life history variation, with application to Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Evol Ecol 121:581–600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Towns DR, Ferreira SM (2001) Conservation of New Zealand lizards (Lacertilia: Scincidae) by translocation of small populations. Biol Conserv 98:211–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Utz RM, Hartman KJ (2009) Density-dependent individual growth and size dynamics of central Appalachian brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 66:1072–1080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vandenbos RE, Tonn WM, Boss SM (2006) Cascading life-history interactions: alternative density-dependent pathways drive recruitment dynamics in a freshwater fish. Oecologia 148:573–582

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vincenzi S, Crivelli AJ, Jesensek D, De Leo GA (2007a) Density-dependent individual growth of marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) in the Soca and Idrijca river basins, Slovenia. Hydrobiologia 583:57–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vincenzi S, Crivelli AJ, Jesensek D, De Leo GA (2007b) Early survival of marble trout Salmo marmoratus: evidence for density dependence? Ecol Freshw Fish 16:116–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Vincenzi S, Crivelli AJ, Jesensek D, De Leo GA (2008a) The role of density-dependent individual growth in the persistence of freshwater salmonid populations. Oecologia 156:523–534

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vincenzi S, Crivelli AJ, Jesensek D, De Leo GA (2008b) Total population density during the first year of life as a major determinant of lifetime body length trajectory in marble trout. Ecol Freshw Fish 17:515–519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vincenzi S, Crivelli AJ, Jesensek D, Rubin J-F, Poizat G, De Leo GA (2008c) Potential factors controlling the population viability of newly introduced endangered marble trout populations. Biol Conserv 141:198-210

    Google Scholar 

  • Vincenzi S, Crivelli AJ, Jesensek D, De Leo GA (2010a) Individual growth and its implications for the recruitment dynamics of stream-dwelling marble trout (Salmo marmoratus). Ecol Freshw Fish 19:477–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vincenzi S, Crivelli AJ, Jesensek D, De Leo GA (2010b) Detection of density-dependent growth at two spatial scales in marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) populations. Ecol Freshw Fish 19:338–347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vincenzi S, Crivelli AJ, Jesensek D, De Leo GA (in press). Translocation of stream-dwelling salmonids in headwaters: insights from a 15-year reintroduction experience. Rev Fish Biol Fish

  • Vollestad A, Olsen EM, Forseth T (2002) Growth rate variation in brown trout in small neighbouring streams: evidence for density-dependence? J Fish Biol 61:1513–1527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walters CJ, Juanes F (1993) Recruitment limitation as a consequence of natural selection for use of restricted feeding habitats and predation risk taking by juvenile fishes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 50:2058–2070

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walters CJ, Post JR (1993) Density-dependent growth and competitive asymmetries in size-structured fish populations: a theoretical model and recommendations for field experiments. Trans Am Fish Soc 122:34–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward BR, Slaney PA (1988) Life history and smolt-to-adult survival of Keogh River steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the relationship to smolt size. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 45:1110–1122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward DL, Schultz AA, Matson PG (2003) Differences in swimming ability and behavior in response to high water velocities among native and nonnative fishes. Environ Biol Fish 68:87–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward DM, Nislow KH, Armstrong JD, Einum S, Folt CL (2007) Is the shape of the density–growth relationship for stream salmonids evidence for exploitative rather than interference competition? J Anim Ecol 76:135–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werner EE, Gilliam JF (1984) The ontogenetic niche and species interactions in size-structured populations. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 15:393–425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson AJ, Hutchings JA, Ferguson MM (2003) Selective and genetic constraints on the evolution of body size in a stream-dwelling salmonid fish. J Evolution Biol 16:584–594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wootton RJ (1998) Ecology of Teleost fishes, 2nd edn. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Alain Crivelli, Giulio A. De Leo and Dusan Jesensek for providing helpful discussion.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Stock Assessment Research and Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA

    Simone Vincenzi, William Hallowell Satterthwaite & Marc Mangel

  2. MRAG Americas, POB 1410, Capitola, CA, 95010, USA

    Simone Vincenzi

  3. National Marine Fisheries Service, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA

    William Hallowell Satterthwaite

  4. Department of Biology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway

    Marc Mangel

Authors
  1. Simone Vincenzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. William Hallowell Satterthwaite
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Marc Mangel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Simone Vincenzi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Vincenzi, S., Satterthwaite, W.H. & Mangel, M. Spatial and temporal scale of density-dependent body growth and its implications for recruitment, population dynamics and management of stream-dwelling salmonid populations. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 22, 813–825 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-011-9247-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-011-9247-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation