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Aflatoxins in aquatic species: metabolism, toxicity and perspectives

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Abstract

Among all known mycotoxins, aflatoxins represent the most investigated, widespread and worrisome source of contamination of foods and feed worldwide. In the early 1960s, soon after the finding of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the feedstuffs of aquacultured rainbow trout that had died in an epizootic of hepatomas, great scientific discoveries were made in several areas by a number of researchers under the direction of scientists like J. Halver, R. 0. Sinnhuber, G. S. Bailey, J. D. Hendricks and colleagues. Since that time, several studies have focused on the identification of new isoenzymes involved in AFB1 metabolism and on the discovery of new modulators in AFB1-induced cancer initiation and progression. However, metabolic and toxicological studies on aflatoxins in marine aquacultured species are fragmented and restricted to a limited number of fish species. Aflatoxins exert a substantial impact on the fish farming production, causing disease with high mortality and a gradual decline of reared fish stock quality, thus representing a significant problem in aquaculture systems. Based on these considerations, the goals of this review article are: (1) to gather the currently available scientific information, summarising existing data on aflatoxin contamination on feeds and fishmeals, and toxicological effects induced in reared aquatic species; (2) to make a comparative analysis of AFB1 metabolism in the most representative species studied; (3) to gain new insights on the risk of DNA damage caused by aflatoxins on fish genomes and their role in cancer development.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Prof. Leland Eugene Carmichael (emeritus professor at the James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health at the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, USA) for critical reading of the manuscript and generous assistance.

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  1. Department of Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Aquaculture, University of Bari, Str. Prv. Casamassima, km 3, Valenzano, Bari, 70010, Italy

    Maria Pia Santacroce & G. Centoducati

  2. Department of Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bari, Str. Prv. Casamassima, km 3, Valenzano, Bari, 70010, Italy

    M. C. Conversano, O. Lai, C. Zizzadoro & G. Crescenzo

  3. Department of Pharmaco-Biology, Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Str. Prv. Casamassima, km 3, Valenzano, Bari, 70010, Italy

    E. Casalino

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Correspondence to Maria Pia Santacroce.

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Santacroce, M.P., Conversano, M.C., Casalino, E. et al. Aflatoxins in aquatic species: metabolism, toxicity and perspectives. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries 18, 99–130 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-007-9064-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-007-9064-8

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