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The role of work-integrated learning in developing work readiness: Insights from Tanzania

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Abstract

This study investigated the role of work-integrated learning (WIL) programmes in developing work readiness among graduates of higher learning institutions in Tanzania. The Tanzania Public Service College was used as a case study. The authors investigated students’, employers’ and college trainers’ perspectives about WIL programmes. The study used a descriptive research design which included in-depth interviews with ten employers, focus group discussions with twenty college trainers and a questionnaire administered to 1,361 post-placement students. Of these students, 728 completed the questionnaire, a response rate of 53.5%. A literature review on WIL was also undertaken, including on the role of technical and vocational education and training. The findings clearly show that participation in WIL programmes is useful to students in terms of non-academic learning and career development, particularly when they can apply the generic skills learned in the classroom to the workplace with the support of work and academic supervisors. This was confirmed on the basis of students’ knowledge and skills, workplace requirements and the relevance of tasks performed during work placements. Overall, the research findings indicate that the WIL ecosystem is valuable and worth pursuing by higher learning institutions in Tanzania. In addition, efforts to impart cognitive and socio-behavioural skills to students need to be prioritised to better prepare them for the changing nature of employment.

Résumé

Le rôle de l’apprentissage intégré au travail dans le développement de la préparation au travail : perspectives d’avenir en Tanzanie – La présente étude se penche sur le rôle des programmes d’apprentissage intégré au travail (AIT) pour préparer les diplômés d’établissements d’enseignement supérieur en Tanzanie à l’insertion professionnelle. Le Tanzania Public Service College, l’école de hautes études du service public de Tanzanie, a servi à la réalisation d’une étude de cas. Les auteurs ont examiné les points de vue des étudiants, des employeurs et des formateurs des programmes d’AIT de cet établissement. L’étude repose sur un modèle de recherche descriptive incluant des interviews approfondies menées auprès de dix employeurs, des discussions de groupes avec vingt formateurs du Tanzania Public Service College et un questionnaire remis à 1 361 étudiants après qu’ils avaient été placés en milieu professionnel. 728 d’entre eux ont rempli le questionnaire, ce qui équivaut à un taux de réponse de 53,5 pour cent. Les auteurs se sont aussi penchés sur la littérature concernant l’AIT, y compris sur le rôle de l’enseignement et de la formation techniques et professionnels. Leurs conclusions indiquent clairement que la participation aux programmes d’apprentissage intégré au travail est utile pour l’apprentissage non scolaire et le développement professionnel des étudiants, en particulier quand ils ont l’occasion de mettre en pratique les compétences génériques acquises en cours dans un cadre professionnel et avec le soutien de superviseurs du travail et de responsables universitaires. Les connaissances et compétences des étudiants, les exigences du travail et la pertinence des tâches accomplies durant leur placement en milieu professionnel étayent cela. D’une manière générale, les conclusions des recherches indiquent que l’écosystème de l’apprentissage intégré au travail est précieux et qu’il vaut la peine que les établissements d’enseignement supérieur de Tanzanie s’y consacrent. En outre, il faut prioriser les efforts fournis pour inculquer aux étudiants des compétences cognitives et socio-comportementales afin de mieux les préparer au caractère évolutif de l’emploi.

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Notes

  1. The Fourth Industrial Revolution refers to “a fusion of disruptive technologies that are blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres” (WEF 2017, p. 3)

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Acknowledgements

We declare that all data and material from the study presented here are available upon request from the corresponding author. There are no competing interests regarding publication of this manuscript. The research was funded by the University of Dodoma Junior Academic Research Scheme (JAS) 2020/2021. We confirm that all authors contributed significantly to the work. Specifically, R.M. wrote the introduction and literature review, and analysed and interpreted the data. J.K. dealt with discussions of the findings, A.H. developed questions for the interviews, FGDs and questionnaire, and wrote the conclusion, and J.A.K collected data. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ramadhani Marijani.

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Marijani, R., Katomero, J., Hayeshi, A. et al. The role of work-integrated learning in developing work readiness: Insights from Tanzania. Int Rev Educ 69, 529–550 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-023-10007-z

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