Abstract
This article focuses on a teaching methodology project which investigated issues of teaching quality at a technical and vocational education and training (TVET) academy in Kurdistan, Northern Iraq. The academy was established in 2012 to provide unemployed youth with TVET, particularly workplace-relevant training. A needs analysis showed that the academy’s teachers were mainly skilled in technical content areas rather than in pedagogy. Perhaps as a result, predominantly teacher-centred approaches to teaching were observed. However, teaching and learning in TVET, by its very definition, must consider active learning and practical training as core to its vocational purpose. Moreover, technical and pedagogical skills are intrinsically linked, since a teacher cannot effectively pass on technical skills without the necessary pedagogical skills to do so. It is on this premise that the authors of this article based their project, which was designed for the purpose of upgrading the teachers’ pedagogical skills to incorporate more active learning strategies and practical work. Comparison of observation logs and feedback sessions at the conclusion of their project provided evidence that whilst some of the teachers’ pedagogical skills had shifted towards using more dynamic teaching strategies, interviews strongly indicated that there was also some reluctance to incorporate active learning. In their conclusion, the authors suggest that the insights gained from this project could be further empirically examined in a larger, multi-institutional study.
Résumé
Introduire la didactique de l’apprentissage actif dans un centre d’enseignement et de formation techniques et professionnels au Kurdistan (Irak) – Cet article présente un projet de méthodologie didactique, qui a exploré les défis en termes de qualité pédagogique dans un centre d’enseignement et de formation techniques et professionnels (EFTP) au Kurdistan dans le nord de l’Irak. Ce centre a été créé en 2012 pour dispenser ce type d’instruction aux jeunes sans emploi, en particulier les formations requises sur les lieux de travail. Une analyse des besoins a révélé que le corps enseignant était surtout qualifié dans les domaines techniques et moins en pédagogie. Il en résultait éventuellement les approches didactiques centrées sur l’enseignant généralement observées. L’enseignement et l’apprentissage dans les domaines techniques et professionnels doivent cependant par définition placer l’apprentissage actif et la formation pratique au cœur de la mission professionnelle. Les savoir-faire techniques et didactiques sont par ailleurs intrinsèquement liés, puisqu’un professeur ne peut transmettre efficacement des compétences techniques sans les compétences pédagogiques correspondantes. C’est sur ce postulat que les auteurs de l’article ont assis leur projet, conçu dans l’optique d’améliorer les compétences pédagogiques des enseignants, en intégrant davantage stratégies d’apprentissage actif et travaux pratiques. La comparaison des rapports d’observation et les séances de rétroaction tenues en fin du projet ont démontré que si les compétences didactiques de certains enseignants avaient évolué en appliquant davantage des stratégies didactiques dynamiques, les interviews ont aussi signalé clairement une certaine réticence à intégrer l’apprentissage actif. Dans leur conclusion, les auteurs recommandent un examen empirique complémentaire des connaissances tirées de ce projet, dans le cadre d’une étude multi-institutionnelle élargie.
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Notes
- 1.
Saddam Hussein held the office of President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003.
- 2.
Internationally, secondary education commonly refers to high school (or Grades/Years 7 to 10 or 12); and post-secondary education commonly refers to post-high school such as college or university.
- 3.
Pseudonym.
- 4.
Named after American educational psychologist Benjamin Bloom (1913–1999), Bloom’s taxonomy is a hierarchical model of learning according to the complexity of the skills involved.
- 5.
All quotations in this article have been taken from the recorded and transcribed lesson observations, meetings and discussions; participants spoke in English, but were non-native English speakers.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to sincerely thank the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful, helpful comments and suggestions to strengthen this article. They would also like to thank Ms. Emily Dickson for her initial planning framework, which laid the foundations for the professional development training.
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Dickson, M., Ladefoged, S.E. Introducing active learning pedagogy into a technical and vocational education and training academy in Kurdistan, Iraq. Int Rev Educ 63, 679–702 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-017-9660-3
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Keywords
- Vocational training
- Kurdistan
- Iraq
- Development
- Active learning
- Teaching quality