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Macroeconomics, (Adult) Education, and Poverty Eradication in Southern Africa

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Abstract

The Millennium Summit held in New York in September 2000 outlined the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The first of these involves the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, setting two targets: halving by 2015 the percentage of the world’s populace in 1990 with income less than US-$1 a day (i.e., cutting this percentage from 27.9 to 14%); and halving the share of people who suffer from hunger. As for education, the MDGs seek to ensure that all children can complete primary schooling by 2015. Drawing on examples from selected southern African countries, the present study examines the need to strengthen economic support for (adult) education as an instrument of poverty eradication. It argues that human capital is one of the fundamental determinants of economic growth, and that this economic resource is essentially determined in both qualitative and quantitative regards by education.

Zusammenfassung

MAKROÖKONOMIE, (DERWACHSENEN-) BILDUNG UND DIE AUSROTTUNG DER ARMUT IM SÜOLICHEN AFRIKA – Das Millennium Summit, welches im September 2000 in New York abgehalten wurde, hat die Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) skizziert. Das erste davon betrifft die Ausrottung von extremer Armut und Hunger, indem es zwei Zielvorgaben angibt: die Halbierung des Prozentsatzes der Weltbevölkerung von 1990 mit einem Einkommen unter einem US-Dollar pro Tag bis 2015 (d. h. die Verminderung dieses Prozentsatzes von 27,9 auf 14%) und die Halbierung des Anteils an Menschen, die an Hunger leiden. Im Bereich der Bildung versuchen die MPGs weiterhin sicherzustellen, dass bis 2015 alle Kinder Zugang zu einer abgeschlossenen Grundschulausbildung haben. Anhand von Beispielen aus ausgewählten südafrikanischen Ländern erforscht die vorliegende Untersuchung die Notwendigkeit, die wirtschaftliche Unterstützung für die (Erwachsenen-) Bildung als Instrument zur Ausrottung der Armut zu stärken. Es wird dargelegt, dass Humankapital eine der grundlegenden Bestimmungen für wirtschaftliches Wachstum und dass diese wirtschaftliche Ressource sowohl in qualitativer als auch in quantitativer Hinsicht in wesentlicher Weise von der Bildung bestimmt ist.

Résumé

MACROÉCONOMIE, ÉDUCATION (DES ADULTES) ET ÉRADICATION DE LA PAUVRETÉ EN AFRIQUE MÉRIDIONALE – Le Sommet du Millénaire tenu à New York en Septembre 2000 a souligné les Objectifs de Développement du Millénaire (Millennium Development Goals : MDGs). Le premier d’entre eux implique l’éradication de l’extrême pauvreté et de la faim, posant deux cibles : Réduire de moitié d’ici à 2015 le pourcentage de la population mondiale en 1990 avec un revenu inférieur à 1 US-$ par jour (c.a.d. abaisser le pourcentage de 27.9 à 14%); et réduire de moitié la part des personnes qui souffrent de la faim. En ce qui concerne l’éducation, les MDGs cherchent à assurer que tous les enfants pourront compléter leur éducation primaire d’ici à 2015. Se basant sur des exemples de pays africains méridionaux bien déterminés, la présente étude examine la nécessité de renforcer le soutien économique pour l’éducation (des adultes) comme instrument de l’éradication de la pauvreté. Elle soutient que le capital humain est l’une des causes fondamentales de la croissance économique, et que cette ressource économique est essentiellement déterminée par l’éducation aussi bien sur le plan qualitatif que sur celui quantitatif.

Resumen

MACROECONOMÍA, EDUCACIÓN (DE PERSONAS ADULTAS) Y ERRADICACIÓN DE LA POBREZA EN ÁFRICA DEL SUR – En la Cumbre del Milenio, celebrada en septiembre de 2000 en Nueva York, se han delineado los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM). El primer objetivo implica la erradicación del hambre y de la pobreza extrema, estableciendo dos objetivos: reducir a la mitad, hasta 2015, el porcentaje de la población mundial de 1990 con un ingreso diario inferior a 1 dólar estadounidense (por ejemplo, reducir este porcentaje del 27,9 al 14%); y reducir a la mitad el porcentaje de personas que padecen hambre. En cuanto a la educación, los ODM apuntan a asegurar que en 2015 ya todos los niños puedan completar la enseñanza primaria. Tomando como ejemplo determinados países de África del sur, este trabajo examina la necesidad de reforzar el apoyo económico para la educación (de las personas adultas) como instrumento de erradicación de la pobreza. El autor sostiene que el capital humano es uno de los determinantes fundamentales del crecimiento económico, y que este recurso económico, en esencia, está determinado por la educación, tanto por aspectos de calidad como de cantidad.

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Correspondence to Senia Nhamo.

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Nhamo, S., Nhamo, G. Macroeconomics, (Adult) Education, and Poverty Eradication in Southern Africa. Int Rev Educ 52, 305–322 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-006-0009-6

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