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Interactions between emotions and eating behaviors: Main issues, neuroimaging contributions, and innovative preventive or corrective strategies

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Abstract

Emotional eating is commonly defined as the tendency to (over)eat in response to emotion. Insofar as it involves the (over)consumption of high-calorie palatable foods, emotional eating is a maladaptive behavior that can lead to eating disorders, and ultimately to metabolic disorders and obesity. Emotional eating is associated with eating disorder subtypes and with abnormalities in emotion processing at a behavioral level. However, not enough is known about the neural pathways involved in both emotion processing and food intake. In this review, we provide an overview of recent neuroimaging studies, highlighting the brain correlates between emotions and eating behavior that may be involved in emotional eating. Interaction between neural and neuro-endocrine pathways (HPA axis) may be involved. In addition to behavioral interventions, there is a need for a holistic approach encompassing both neural and physiological levels to prevent emotional eating. Based on recent imaging, this review indicates that more attention should be paid to prefrontal areas, the insular and orbitofrontal cortices, and reward pathways, in addition to regions that play a major role in both the cognitive control of emotions and eating behavior. Identifying these brain regions could allow for neuromodulation interventions, including neurofeedback training, which deserves further investigation.

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Abbreviations

5-HT:

Tryptophan

ACC:

Anterior cingulate cortex

BED:

Binge eating disorder

BLA:

Basolateral amygdala

BMI:

Body mass index

BOLD:

Blood-oxygen-level-dependent

CRH:

Corticotrophin-releasing hormone

DA:

Dopamine

DEBQ:

Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire

dlPFC:

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

dmPFC:

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex

ED:

Eating disorder

EEG:

Electroencephalography

ENS:

Enteric nervous system

fMRI:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

HPA:

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal

IFG:

Inferior frontal gyrus

LPP:

Late positive potential

NAcc:

Nucleus accumbens

NE:

Norepinephrine

NF:

Neurofeedback

OFC:

Orbitofrontal cortex

PCC:

Posterior cingulate cortex

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PFC:

Prefrontal cortex

rs-FC:

Resting-state functional connectivity

SMA:

Supplementary motor area

tDCS:

Transcranial direct-current stimulation

TFEQ:

Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire

vlPFC:

Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

vmPFC:

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

VTA:

Ventral tegmental area

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Funding

The present research was funded by the University of Rennes 1, Fondation de l’Avenir, the Benjamin Delessert Institute, and INRAE. A. Godet received a PhD grant from the University of Rennes 1. Univ Rennes

Author information

Author notes

  1. Nicolas Coquery and David Val-Laillet contributed equally to this paper.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, St Gilles, France

    Ambre Godet, Alexandra Fortier, Nicolas Coquery & David Val-Laillet

  2. CRNS, INSERM, IRISA, INRIA, Univ Rennes, Empenn Rennes, France

    Elise Bannier

  3. Radiology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France

    Elise Bannier

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  1. Ambre Godet
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Godet, A., Fortier, A., Bannier, E. et al. Interactions between emotions and eating behaviors: Main issues, neuroimaging contributions, and innovative preventive or corrective strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 23, 807–831 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-021-09700-x

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