Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High-Temperature Permanent Joints of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites with Similar and other Carbonaceous Materials

  • Published:
Refractories and Industrial Ceramics Aims and scope

The authors have analyzed the use of soldering, as well as reaction and gas-phase bonding and adhesion methods to obtain high-temperature permanent joints between silicon carbide ceramic-matrix composites (CMC) and similar materials, as well as carbon-carbon materials (CCM) and graphite. As discussed in the paper, the main problems when joining CMCs with carbonaceous materials occur due to poor CMC wettability with molten metals, significant difference in the TCLE values between CMC and soldering alloys, and the formation of very hard and brittle substances in the bonding layer. A review of the practical experience in applying soldering, as well as reaction and gas-phase bonding and adhesion methods for joining the Cf/SiC-type CMCs with various carbonaceous materials was performed. The most typical compositions of solders and adhesives, as well as technological conditions of the joining processes were considered. It was shown that such technologies enable reliable and durable joints between the CMC parts and various types of carbonaceous materials.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hanbook of Ceramic Composites, ed. by P. Narottam, Bansal: Boston, Dordrecht, London: Kluver Academic Publishers (2005).

  2. A. P. Garshin, V. I. Kulik, and A. S. Nilov, “Analysis of the status and prospects for the commercial use of fiber-reinforced silicon-carbide ceramics,” Refract. Ind. Ceram., 53(1), 62 – 70 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. K. Mergia, “Joining of Cf/C and Cf/SiC composites to metals,” In: Nanocomposites with Unique Properties and Applications in Medicine and Industry, ed. by J. Cuppoletti, InTech (2011), pp. 239 – 266.

  4. K. Zhang, L. Zhang, and R. He, “Joining of Cf/SiC ceramic matrix composites: a review,” Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018, Article ID 6176054 (2018).

  5. V. I. Kulik, A. S. Nilov, E. À. Bogachev, and N. V. Larionov, “Soldering methods for preparing permanent joints of ceramic composite materials with metals (Review article),” Refract. Ind. Ceram., 62(2), 216 – 225 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. A. P. Garshin, V. I. Kulik, S. A. Matveev, and A. S. Nilov, “Contemporary technology for preparing fiber-reinforced composite materials with a ceramic refractory matrix (Review),” Refract. Ind. Ceram., 58(2), 148 – 161 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. S. Morozumi, M. Endo, and M. Kikuchi, “Bonding mechanism between silicon carbide and thin foils of reactive metals,” Journal of Materials Science, 20(11), 3976 – 3982 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. X. M. Fan, X. W. Yin, Y. Z. Ma, et al., “Oxidation behavior of C/SiC-Ti3SiC2 at 800 – 1300°C in air,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 36, 2427 – 2433 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. H. Y. Dong, S. J. Li, Y. Y. Teng, and W. Ma, “Joining of SiC ceramic-based materials with ternary carbide Ti3SiC2,” Materials Science and Engineering: B, 176(1), 60 – 64 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. D. Fan, J. Huang, X. Sun, et al., “Correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties of active brazed Cf/SiC composite joints using Ti–Zr–Be,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, 667, 332 – 339 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. J. Wang, Y. Xiong, H. Li, et al., “Effects of bonding temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the C/C–Cf/SiC composite joint prepared by in situ hot-press diffusion bonding using Ti–Si–C compound as interlayer,” Materials Research Express, 6(11), Article No. 115620 (2019).

  12. M. Tokita, “Spark plasma sintering (SPS) method, systems, and applications,” In: Handbook of Advanced Ceramics, Ch. 11.2.3, 1149 – 1177 (2013).

  13. S. Rizzo, S. Grasso, M. Salvo, et al., “Joining of C/SiC composites by spark plasma sintering technique,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 34(4), 903 – 913 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. P. Tatarko, S. Grasso, T. G. Saunders, et al., “Flash joining of CVD-SiC coated Cf/SiC composites with a Ti interlayer,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 37, 3841 – 3848 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. X. Zhao, L. Duan, and Y. Wang, “Improved shear strength of SiC-coated 3D C/SiC composite joints with a tailored Ti–Si–C interlayer,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 39(4), 788 – 797 (2018).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. P. Tatarko, V. Casalegno, C. Hu, et al., “Joining of CVD-SiC coated and uncoated fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites with pre-sintered Ti3SiC2 MAX phase using spark plasma sintering,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 36, 3957 – 3967 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. X. Zhao, L. Duan,W. Liu, and Y. Wang, “Fast-diffusion joining of SiC-coated three-dimensional C/SiC composites with a Mo–W–Mo interlayer by spark plasma sintering,” Ceram. Int., 45(17) (part B), 23111 – 23118 (2019).

  18. X. Zhao, L. Duan, and Y. Wang, “Fast interdiffusion and Kirkendall effects of SiC-coated C/SiC composites joined by a Ti–Nb–Ti interlayer via spark plasma sintering,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 39(5), 1757 – 1765 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. X. Zhao, L. Duan, W. Liu, and Y. Wang, “Shear strength enhancement of SiC-coated 3D C/SiC composite joints with a Ni–Ti–Nb multi-interlayer by interfacial microstructure tailoring,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 39(16), 5473 – 5478 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. J. A. Fernie, R. A. L. Drew, and K. M. Knowles, “Joining of engineering ceramics,” International Materials Reviews, 54(5), 283 – 331 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Todt, K. Roder, D. Nestler, and B. Wielage, “Joining of glassy carbon with a C/C-SiC composite by brazing for an innovative high temperature sensor,” Ceramic Transactions, 248, 661 – 667 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. B. Chen, H. P. Cheng, W. Mao, et al., “Microstructure and strength of Cf/SiC joints with Ag–Cu–Ti brazing fillers,” Journal of Materials Engineering, 329, 27 – 31 (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  23. H. P. Xiong, B. Chen,W. Mao, and X.-H. Li, “Joining of Cf/SiC composite with Pd–Co–V brazing filler,” Welding in the World, 56(1/2), 76 – 80 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. H.-P. Xiong, B. Chen, Y. Pan, and H.-Sh. Zhao, “Joining of Cf/SiC composite with a Cu–Au–Pd–V brazing filler and interfacial reactions,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 34(6), 1481 – 1486 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. W.-W. Li, B. Chen, H.-P. Xiong, and W.-J. Zou, “Reactive brazing Cf/SiC to itself and to Mo using the NiPdPtAu–Cr filler alloy,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 37(13), 3849 – 3859 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. J. Chen, S. Dong, and X. Zhang, “In situ-strengthened C/SiC joint brazed with Cu-based active filler and its performance,” International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 12(s3), E197 – E207 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. B. Chen, H.-P. Xiong, X. Wu, and Y.-Y. Cheng, “Joining of Cf/SiC composite with AuNi(Cu)–Cr brazing fillers and interfacial reactions,” Welding in the World, 60(4), 813 – 819 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Q. Tong and L. Cheng, “Liquid infiltration joining of 2D C/SiC,” Composite Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 13, 31 – 36 (2006).

  29. V. Chaumat and J. Henne, “Method of joining parts made of SiC-based materials by non-reactive brazing with addition of a reinforcement, brazing compositions and joint and assembly that are obtained by such a method,” WO patent 2011/113760 A1, publ. on Sept. 22, 2011.

  30. V. Chaumat, J.-F. Henne, and N. Miloud-Ali, “Method for assembling, joining parts made of SiC-based materials by nonreactive brazing, brazing compositions, and joint and assembly obtained by said method,” US patent 8678269 B2, publ. on March 25, 2014.

  31. A. Gasse, “Method for assembling parts made of materials based on SiC by non-reactive refractory brazing, brazing compositions, and joint and assembly obtained by said method,” US patent 7318547 B2, publ. on Jan. 15, 2008.

  32. B. Riccardi, C. A. Nannetti, J. Woltersdorf, et al., “Joining of SiC based ceramics and composites with Si–16Ti and Si–18Cr eutectic alloys,” International Journal of Materials and Product Technology, 20, 440 – 451 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. J. Thebault and C. Bouquet, “Method of brazing composite materials parts sealed with a silicon-based composition,” US patent 2006/0006212, publ. on Jan. 12, 2006.

  34. P. K. Gianchandani, V. Casalegno, F. Smeacetto, and M. Ferraris, “Pressure-less joining of C/SiC and SiC/SiC by a MoSi2/Si composite, International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 14(3), 305 – 312 (2017).

  35. F. Smeacetto, F. D’Isanto, V. Casalegno, et al., “Ytterbium disilicate-based glass-ceramic as joining material for ceramic matrix composites,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 41, 1099 – 1106 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. M. P. Bacos, “Carbon – carbon composites: oxidation behavior and coatings protection,” Journal de Physique IV, 3, 1895 – 1903 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Q. Fu, F. Zhao, H. Li, et al., “A multi-interlayer LMAS joint of C/C–SiC composites and LAS glass ceramics,” Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 31, 467 – 472 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. M. Ferraris, M. Salvo, V. Casalegno, et al., “Joining of machined SiC/SiC composites for thermonuclear fusion reactors,” Journal of Nuclear Materials, 375, 410 – 415 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Y. Katoh, M. Kotani, A. Kohyama, et al., “Microstructure and mechanical properties of low-activation glass-ceramic joining and coating for SiC/SiC composites,” Journal of Nuclear Materials, 283, 1262 – 1266 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. M. Salvo, “Advanced manufacturing routes for metal/composite components for aerospace,” ECCM16: 16th European conference on composite materials, Seville, Spain, June 22 – 26, 2014; Conference Paper (2014).

  41. W. Krenkel, “Carbon fiber reinforced CMC for high-performance structures,” International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 1(2), 188 – 200 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. X. Wu, B. Pei, Y. Zhu, and Zh. Huang, “Joining of the Cf/SiC composites by a one-step Si infiltration reaction bonding,” Materials Characterization, 155, Article ID 109799 (2019).

  43. M. Singh, “Affordable, robust ceramic joining technology (ARCJoinT) for high temperature applications,” In: Proceedings of Joining of Advanced and Specialty Materials, ASM International, Materials Park, OH (1998), pp. 1 – 5.

  44. Ye. N. Kablov, D. V. Grashchenkov, S. S. Solntsev, M. L. Vagannova, and O. Yu. Sorokin, “Composition for bonding ceramic composite materials based on silicon carbide,” RF patent 2604530, Appl. No. 2015145235/03; filed on Oct. 21, 2015; publ. on Dec. 10, 2016; Bul. No. 34.

  45. E. A. Bogachev, A. V. Lakhin, A. N. Timofeev, P. G. Udintsev, and V. Yu. Chunaev, “A method for permanently connecting parts,” RF patent 2415822, Appl. No. 2008140680/03; filed on Oct. 15, 2008; publ. on Apr. 10, 2011, Bul. No. 10.

  46. A. S. Razina and N. P. Astasheva, “Selecting a composition of the metal transition for the combustion chamber of a low-thrust engine,” Informatsionno-Tekhnologicheskii Vestnik, No. 2 (16), 149 – 155 (2018).

  47. E. A. Bogachev, A. V. Lahin, and A. N. Timofeev, “MMS Technology: first results and prospects,” Ceramic Transactions, 248, 243 – 253 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. V. K. Srivastava and S. Singh, “Adhesive bonded single lap and over-lap joints of C/C, C/C–SiC composites and titanium alloy,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research, 3(5), 162 – 167 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Ye. K. Syzdykov, A. V. Zhavoronkov, A. I. Loginov, V. V. Nikitin, P. G. Udintsev, V. Yu. Chunaev, A. S. Vorobyov, and D. A. Rudenko, “Adhesive compound,” RF patent 2473582, Appl. No. 2011145927/05; filed on Nov. 11, 2011; publ. on Jan. 27, 2013; Bul. No. 3.

  50. X. Chen, S. Li, Z. Chen, and N. Wen, “The effect of high-treatment on the strength of C/C–SiC joints,” Journal of Material Science, 46, 707 – 714 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. X. Chen, S. Li, and Zh. Chen, “Joining of C/C-SiC using boron-modified phenolic resin with SiO2 and B4C additives,” Materials at High Temperatures, 28(1), 28 – 32 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. S. Li, X. Chen, and Zh. Chen, “The effect of high temperature heat-treatment on the strength of C/C to C/C–SiC joints,” Carbon, 48(11), 3042 – 3049 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. S. N. Gladkikh and M. G. Mokrushin, “Thermal and heat-resistant adhesives for joining carbon and ceramic materials,” Klei. Germetiki. Tekhnologii., No. 3, 6 – 12 (2010).

  54. S. N. Gladkikh, A. Ye. Dvoretskii, and A. I. Vyalov, “New adhesives developed by “KOMPOZIT” OJSC for rocket and space equipment products,” Adhesion Materials: Proceedings of the science and technology conference, VIAM, Moscow, April 27, 2016.

  55. S. A. Sosunov, G. V. Komarov, S. V. Bukharov, and G. A. Kravetskii, “Heat-resistant joints of carbon materials using phenol-furfurol-formaldehyde adhesives,” Plasticheskiye massy, No. 9, 40 – 41 (2003).

  56. STEP-TK2 adhesive [Electronic Resource] https://npkstep.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/STEP-TK2-NEW.pdf.

  57. H.-L. Liu, C.-Y. Tian, and M.-Z. Wu, “Technique of joining of Cf/SiC composite via preceramic silicone polysilazane and joining properties,” Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 18(2), 278 – 281 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. H. Liu, S. Li, and Z. Chen, “Joining of Cf/SiC ceramic matrix composite using SiC-Si3N4 preceramic polymer,” Materials Science Forum, 475, 1267 – 1270 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Y. W. Lu, Y. D. Zhang, H. F. Hu, and Ch. R. Zhang, “Online-joining of C/SiC-C/SiC via precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process,” Key Engineering Materials, 368–372, 1044 – 1046 (2008).

  60. Y. D. Zhang, H. F. Hu, Ch. R. Zhang, and G. D. Li, “Online-joining of C/SiC–C/SiC via slurry reaction and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis process with C/SiC pins,” Key Engineering Materials, 531/532, 135 – 140 (2012).

  61. A. P. Petrova, Heat-Resistant Adhesives [in Russian], Khimiya, Moscow (1977).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. D. F. Ustinov Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEKH”, St. Petersburg, Russia

    V. I. Kulik & A. S. Nilov

  2. “Kompozit” JSC, Korolev, Moscow region, Russia

    E. A. Bogachev

Authors
  1. V. I. Kulik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. S. Nilov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. E. A. Bogachev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. S. Nilov.

Additional information

Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 2, pp. 32 – 44, February, 2022.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kulik, V.I., Nilov, A.S. & Bogachev, E.A. High-Temperature Permanent Joints of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites with Similar and other Carbonaceous Materials. Refract Ind Ceram 63, 78–89 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-022-00684-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-022-00684-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation