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Production of levulinic acid from glucose using nickel phosphate-silica catalyst

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Abstract

A combination of nickel-silica and nickel phosphate is hypothesized to provide a synergistic effect on catalytic processes of LA production from glucose. This research aims to produce LA from glucose by employing nickel phosphate-silica catalysts. The effect of different phosphate catalyst precursors on the yield of LA was investigated. Catalysts were assessed by using FT-IR, SEM–EDX, XRD, and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. Acidity analysis for the catalysts was performed by the gravimetric method. The product of levulinic acid was examined by HPLC. The study exhibited that the incorporation of phosphate ions into nickel-silica increased the acidity of the catalyst and inherently provided an increase in LA yield. It was found that the hydrogen atoms number from different phosphate precursors showed a positive correlation to the increase in LA yield as well. Ni(H2PO4)–2SiO2 catalyst had the highest activity compared to the others catalysts on LA formation, whereas Ni3(PO4)2–SiO2 dominantly promoted formic acid formation. Further optimization by RSM-CCD showed that the optimum condition was achieved at a temperature of 113.20 °C, a reaction time of 120 min, and a catalyst weight of 0.4573 g with an LA yield of 40.89%. The quadratic model as derived from RSM-CCD demonstrated good accuracy in estimating the output parameter. This catalyst was still active at 5 consecutive runs with a slight decrease toward LA formation.

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Acknowledgements

Authors thank Biofuel Research Group, Biofuel Research Group, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya for providing research resources.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Magister Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya, 30662, Indonesia

    Qodria Utami Putri & Wan Ryan Asri

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya, 30662, Indonesia

    Qodria Utami Putri, Hasanudin Hasanudin, Wan Ryan Asri & Ady Mara

  3. Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Biofuel Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya, 30662, Indonesia

    Hasanudin Hasanudin & Ady Mara

  4. Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN-Indonesia), Science and Technology Park B.J. Habibie, Serpong, South Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia

    Roni Maryana

  5. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Sumatra Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia

    Saharman Gea

  6. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

    Karna Wijaya

Authors
  1. Qodria Utami Putri
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  2. Hasanudin Hasanudin
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  3. Wan Ryan Asri
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  4. Ady Mara
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  5. Roni Maryana
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  6. Saharman Gea
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  7. Karna Wijaya
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hasanudin Hasanudin.

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Putri, Q.U., Hasanudin, H., Asri, W.R. et al. Production of levulinic acid from glucose using nickel phosphate-silica catalyst. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 136, 287–309 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-022-02334-3

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