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Optimizing process parameter for biodiesel production from avocado peel oil using chicken eggshell biocatalysts using central composite design (CCD)

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Abstract

In this study, we investigated the application of waste avocado peel oil (WAPO) as a convenient and abundant source for biodiesel production using calcium oxide (CaO) biocatalysts derived from waste chicken eggshell via transesterification process. Likewise the functional group of extracted waste avocado peel oil and the structure of synthesized CaO biocatalyst were performed by using FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and X-ray diffractometer analysis respectively. The physicochemical properties of the avocado peel oil and properties of biodiesel such as flash point, kinematic viscosity, density, cetane number, and acid number were also determined according to international standards. The optimum conditions were at a reaction temperature of 65 °C, a reaction time of 3 h, a catalytic load of 1.2 g, and a ratio of methanol to oil of 5:1 was achieved 94.45% with the desirability of 1 and the corresponding optimized biodiesel yield of 94.89%. The physicochemical properties of the avocado peel oil and the produced biodiesel were characterized using GC–MS to identify the composition of oil and biodiesel compound. The results represented that avocado peel oil can be used as a renewable feedstock source to produce biodiesel.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Jimma University (Jimma Institute of Technology), for internet-free usage.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Jimma University Institute of Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Oromia, Ethiopia

    Yigezu Mekonnen Bayisa, Tafere Aga Bullo & Ketema Beyecha Hundie

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  1. Yigezu Mekonnen Bayisa
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  2. Tafere Aga Bullo
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  3. Ketema Beyecha Hundie
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Correspondence to Tafere Aga Bullo.

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Bayisa, Y.M., Bullo, T.A. & Hundie, K.B. Optimizing process parameter for biodiesel production from avocado peel oil using chicken eggshell biocatalysts using central composite design (CCD). Reac Kinet Mech Cat 135, 3185–3203 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-022-02327-2

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