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Comparison of two new graphene-based magnetic and non-magnetic nanocatalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and optimization of reaction conditions using design of experiment (DoE)

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Abstract

In this study, hydantoin derivative 5-methyl-5-(4-pyridyl)hydantoin (HL) was covalently functionalized onto graphene oxide/magnetic graphene oxide nanosheets. The chemical structure of the functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets and the HL were characterized with FT-IR, XRD, EDS, TEM, UV–Vis, FE-SEM, 1H, and 13C NMR spectra. We demonstrate that the (GO/HL-Pd) and (NPs@GO/HL-Pd) compounds can act as efficient nano-catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction under aqueous and aerobic conditions in a short time. The effect of the concentration of the variable such as temperature, time, base, and nano-catalysts value on the performance of the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction was evaluated using statistical methods (DoE) for both synthesized nanocatalysts in a systematic sequential study. According to the results, the magnetized compound with iron nanoparticles has a higher catalytic activity. Therefore, the optimum point of the design involves a 3.3 ml solvent, 0.0175 mol% of NPs@GO/HL-Pd catalyst, 2.75 eq K2CO3, furthermore a 3.5 h reaction time, and reaction temperature of 77.5 °C. Optimal conditions lead to the maximum yield value. Furthermore, the as-prepared nano-catalysts can be easily recovered and reused after a catalysis reaction.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Bu-Ali-Sina University for financial support.

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  1. Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 65174, Iran

    Faezeh Moniriyan & Seyyed Javad Sabounchei

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  1. Faezeh Moniriyan
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Correspondence to Seyyed Javad Sabounchei.

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Moniriyan, F., Sabounchei, S.J. Comparison of two new graphene-based magnetic and non-magnetic nanocatalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and optimization of reaction conditions using design of experiment (DoE). Reac Kinet Mech Cat 135, 1803–1818 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-022-02217-7

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