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Effective production of biofuel from used cooking oil over Ni–Pd loaded on amine-functionalized Lapindo Mud catalyst

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Abstract

In the present work, Lapindo Mud (LL) as natural-based catalyst support material without any prior chemical extraction obtained from Sidoarjo, East Java comprising SiO2 (45.49%), Al2O3 (13.82%), and Fe2O3 (21.63%) was impregnated with the combination of Ni and/or Pd metal catalyst (i.e. LL, Ni/LL, Pd/LL, Ni–Pd/LL). The modification of heterogeneous catalyst (catalyst-support material) by the addition of amine-functionalized group from 3-APTMS compound (i.e. NH2/LL, Ni–NH2/LL, Pd-NH2/LL, and Ni–Pd–NH2/LL) to improve catalyst activity and selectivity towards Free Fatty Acid (FFA) in the hydro-treatment process of used cooking oil into biofuel was thoroughly compared. The result found that Ni–Pd–NH2/LL catalyst was able to generate the higher conversion of liquid product and to decrease the generation of FFA from 10.1 to 3.2% compared to the un-grafted Ni–Pd/LL catalyst. The study showed that the optimum temperature to produce hydrocarbons in hydro-treatment process using Ni–Pd–NH2/LL catalyst was at 550 °C with 1/100 catalyst-to-feed weight ratio.

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Acknowledgements

This research was conducted under the research grant of PTUPT 2020 Universitas Gadjah Mada (Contract No.: 2877/UN1.DITLIT/DIT-LIT/PT/2020). Therefore, the authors would like to thank The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, the Republic of Indonesia for the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

    Wega Trisunaryanti, Afra Alethiana, Iip Izul Falah & Dyah Ayu Fatmawati

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  1. Wega Trisunaryanti
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  2. Afra Alethiana
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  3. Iip Izul Falah
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  4. Dyah Ayu Fatmawati
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WT: Conceptualization, Supervision, Resources, Methodology, Writing-review&editing, Funding acquisition. AA: Investigation, Methodology, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing-original draft. IIF: Investigation, Supervision, Validation. DAF: Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing-review&editing.

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Correspondence to Wega Trisunaryanti.

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Trisunaryanti, W., Alethiana, A., Falah, I.I. et al. Effective production of biofuel from used cooking oil over Ni–Pd loaded on amine-functionalized Lapindo Mud catalyst. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 135, 951–970 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-022-02191-0

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