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Application of magnetic sulfonated Alnus waste leaves as a heterogeneous catalyst for multi-component reactions; comparison and evaluation of acidity of eleven different leaves

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Abstract

A comprehensive study was carried out for the first time on the acidity of eleven different leaves. After functionalization of the leaves with –SO3H groups, the most acidic one was magnetized using nickel ferrite nanoparticles. This novel, inexpensive, green and biodegradable catalyst showed high activity in the synthesis of pyrazoline and 2-amino nicotinonitriles. Some compounds are new and have never been synthesized before and confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis. All of these compounds possess multiple biological activities. The heterogeneous magnetic catalyst (NiFe2O4-Alnus-SO3H) was characterized by various physicochemical techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG), and VSM techniques which showed high sulfur content 0.92 (mmol/g) and high acidic strength. The main advantages of this method are high yields, short reaction time, easy work-up, green solvent, heterogeneity of the catalyst and simple purification of compounds. It is important to mention that there is no report on the preparation of heterogeneous acid catalyst from waste leaves for the synthesis pyrazoline and 2-amino nicotinonitriles derivatives.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Sharif University of Technology (SUT). Thanks to Dr. Zahra Daneshfar for helping us with this project, and thanks to Ms. Asakereh for helping us collect the leaves.

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  1. Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Street, PO Box 111559516, Tehran, Iran

    Firouz Matloubi Moghaddam & Maryam Daneshfar

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  1. Firouz Matloubi Moghaddam
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  2. Maryam Daneshfar
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FMM: project administration-lead, supervision-lead, writing-review &editing-equal. MD: data curation-equal, formal analysis-lead, investigation-equal, methodology-equal, writing-original draft-lead.

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Correspondence to Firouz Matloubi Moghaddam.

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Moghaddam, F.M., Daneshfar, M. Application of magnetic sulfonated Alnus waste leaves as a heterogeneous catalyst for multi-component reactions; comparison and evaluation of acidity of eleven different leaves. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 135, 811–833 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-022-02176-z

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