Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the kinetic behavior of cottonseed oil transesterification with ethanol based on a pseudo first order kinetic model. A 23 factorial planning with three central points was performed by considering temperature, catalyst concentration and alcohol/oil molar ratio as dependent variables and biodiesel concentration as response signal. It was observed that the highest conversion was obtained for the following conditions: temperature between 50 and 70 °C, high alcohol/oil molar ratio and low percentage of catalyst. All samples were collected during time intervals of 5–10–15–30–60 and 90 min. A set of kinetic constant values were obtained for each operating condition ranging from 72 to 23l min−1. Indeed, it was possible to obtain the kinetic parameters frequency factor k0 = 5807.05 dm3*mol−1*min−1 and Ea = 16.84 kJ*mol−1 for biodiesel production with ethanol.
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Abbreviations
- GC:
-
Gas chromatography
- A:
-
Alcohol
- D:
-
Diglyceride molecule
- E:
-
Ester
- M:
-
Monoglyceride molecule
- G:
-
Glycerin molecule
- Ti :
-
Triglyceride molecule
- T:
-
Temperature
- k1 :
-
Kinetic constant of triglyceride consumption
- k2 :
-
Kinetic constant of diglyceride consumption
- k3 :
-
Kinetic constant of monoglyceride consumption
- CT :
-
Triglyceride concentration
- CD :
-
Diglyceride concentration
- CM :
-
Monoglyceride concentration
- CAl :
-
Alcohol concentration
- K:
-
Overall kinetic constant
- Me/Mo :
-
Ethanol/oil molar mass
- A/O :
-
Ethanol/oil molar ratio
- \({\text{V}}_{{{\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{SO}}_{ 4} }}\) :
-
Volume of H2SO4
- MMH2SO4 :
-
Molar mass of sulfuric acid
- mr :
-
Initial total mass of the reaction system (moil + mAlcohol + mKOH)
- \({\text{P}}_{{{\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{SO}}_{ 4} }}\) :
-
Purity of the sulfuric acid
- CO :
-
Oil concentration
- kr :
-
Pseudo first order kinetic constant
- k ra :
-
Second order kinetic constant
- EA :
-
Activation energy
- T:
-
Reaction temperature
- PID:
-
Proportional integral derivative
- FID:
-
Flame ionization detector
- EN:
-
European standard
- vH2SO4 :
-
Volume of sulfuric acid
- MAL :
-
Mass of ethanol
- A/O :
-
Ethanol/oil molar ratio
- mKOH :
-
Mass of potassium hydroxide
- moil :
-
Mass of oil
- Cat:
-
Percentage of catalyst in terms of oil mass
- mr :
-
Initial total mass of the system
- X:
-
Conversion
- RR:
-
Molar ratio of alcohol
- C:
-
Catalyst concentration
- K:
-
Kelvin
- CETENE:
-
Northeast strategic technological center
- FE :
-
Excess to neutralize the KOH
- MMHKOH :
-
Molar mass of the potassium hidroxide.
- \({\text{D}}_{{{\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{SO}}_{ 4} }}\) :
-
Density of the sulfuric acid.
- NH :
-
Number of hydrogen of the acid
- Cfact :
-
Correction factor of 30
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank to Northeast Strategic Technological Center (CETENE) for providing raw materials and access to the industrial plant and Federal University of Pernambuco for supporting this research.
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Souza, T.P.C., Silva, R.J., Melo, J.C. et al. Kinetic modeling of cottonseed oil transesterification with ethanol. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 128, 707–722 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-019-01661-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-019-01661-2