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A new zwitterionic nano-titania supported Keggin phosphotungstic heteropolyacid: an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl substituted imidazoles

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Abstract

A novel type of zwitterionic nano-titana supported Keggin-structured phosphotungstic acid (HPW) has been prepared by its immobilization onto the surface of n-TiO2–NH2 which had been already synthesized by covalent grafting of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate to nano-TiO2, followed by reduction. The synthesized heterogeneous acid catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses. The n-TiO2–NH2/HPW exhibits good catalytic activity in the synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl substituted imidazoles. The optimal synthesis conditions were achieved by the combination of response surface methodology and central composite design. More importantly, the heterogeneous catalyst could be recycled at least six times with only a modest decrease in catalytic rate.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the Faculty of chemistry of Semnan University for supporting this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, 35131-19111, Iran

    Taiebeh Shamsi, Ali Amoozadeh, Elham Tabrizian & S. Maryam Sajjadi

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  1. Taiebeh Shamsi
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  2. Ali Amoozadeh
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  3. Elham Tabrizian
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  4. S. Maryam Sajjadi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Amoozadeh.

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Shamsi, T., Amoozadeh, A., Tabrizian, E. et al. A new zwitterionic nano-titania supported Keggin phosphotungstic heteropolyacid: an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-triaryl substituted imidazoles. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 121, 505–522 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-017-1177-z

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