A model for determining the reflected-pulse shape during vertical sounding of the sea surface by an underwater ultrasonic sonar with a wide antenna pattern is developed. The reflected-pulse shape dependence on the parameters of an underwater acoustic altimeter and the measurement schemes is studied. The wave-height retrieval algorithm whose input parameter is the reflectedpulse leading-edge duration is developed. The algorithm efficiency is confirmed by numerical simulation. The obtained formula for the wave height involves the coefficients which depend on many characteristics among which the submersion depth, the beamwidth, and the soundingpulse duration are the main parameters. Therefore, the formula should be specified according to variations in the measurement scheme and the acoustic-system parameters.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
V. Yu. Karaev, M. B. Kanevskii, and E. M. Meshkov, Radiophys. Quantum Electron., 53, No. 9–10, 569 (2010).
Yu. A. Titchenko, V. Yu. Karaev, and E. M. Meshkov, et al., Proc. 5th All-Russia Sci. Conf. “Radiophysical Methods in Remote Sounding of Media” [in Russian] (2012), p. 218.
Yu. A. Titchenko and V. Yu. Karaev, Radiophys. Quantum Electron., 55, No. 8, 493 (2012).
A. Zieger, D. Hancock, G. Hayne, and C. Purdy, Proc. IEEE, 79, 810 (1991).
L. -L. Fum and A. Cazenave, eds., Satellite Altimetry and Earth Sciences. A Handbook of Techniques and Applications, Academic Press (2001), p. 464.
D. Chelton, E. Walsh, and J. MacArthur, J. Atmos. Oceanic Techn., 9, 407 (1989).
G. Brown, IEEE Trans. Anten. Propag., 25, 67 (1989).
S. G. Zubkovich, Statistical Characteristics of Radio Signals Reflected from a Sea Surface [in Russian], Sovetskoe Radio, Moscow (1968).
V. Yu. Karaev and E. M. Meshkov, Abstracts of the 9th All-Russia Open Conf. “Modern Problems of Remote Sounding of the Earth from Space” (Physical Basis, Methods, and Technologies for the Environmental, Natural, and Antropogenic Monitoring) [in Russian], 2001, p. 262.
V. Yu. Karaev and E. M. Meshkov, Proc. 5th All-Russia Sci. Conf. “Radiophysical Methods in Remote Sounding of Media” [in Russian] (2012), p. 209.
B. H. Brumley, E. A. Terray, and B. S. Strong, System and Method for Measuring Wave Directional Spectrum and Wave Height, US Patent No. 6052334 (2000).
B. Strong, B. Brumley, E. Terray, and G. Stone, Proc. OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE Conference and Exhibition, 11–14 September 2000, p. 1195.
E. Terray, B. Brumley, and B. Strong, Proc. Oceanology International’98, 2, 261 (1998).
F. G. Bass and I. M. Fuks, Wave Scattering from Statistically Rough Surfaces, Pergamon Press, Oxford (1979).
M. A. Isakovich, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 23, No. 3, 305 (1952).
Yu. A. Kravtsov, I. M. Fuks, and A. B. Shmelev, Radiophys. Quantum Electron., 14, 672 (1971).
V. Yu. Karaev, M. B. Kanevsky, and D. Cotton, Issled. Zemli Kosm., No. 2, 17 (1998).
V.Yu.Karaev and E. M. Meshkov, in: Modern Problems of Remote Sounding of the Earth from Space [in Russian], 9, No. 1, 240 (2012).
M. B. Kanevskii and V. Yu. Karaev, Radiophys. Quantum Electron., 39, No. 5, 347 (1996).
I. N. Davydan, L. I. Lopatukhin, and V. A. Rozhkov, Wind Roughness in the Ocean [in Russian], Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad (1985).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 57, No. 7, pp. 543–554, July 2014.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Karaev, V.Y., Meshkov, M.E. & Titchenko, Y.L. Underwater Acoustic Altimeter. Radiophys Quantum El 57, 488–497 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-014-9531-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-014-9531-8