Recent years yielded important experimental results in the field of studying the middle- and the upper-atmospheric discharges initiated by the lightning strokes. These results have been obtained using the most widespread measurement method related to the high-speed high-sensitivity visibleband cameras and the spectroscopy, which is the most rapidly developing method of observation of the upper-atmospheric flashes. Both methods are used during the ground-based, as well as the balloon- and satellite-borne observations. The above-mentioned methods are reviewed in this paper.
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Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 56, Nos. 11–12, pp. 939–946, November–December 2013.
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Kostinskiy, A.Y. Flashes in the Middle and Upper Atmosphere Initiated by the Lightning Discharges: Recent Results and Future Optical and Spectral Observation Methods. Radiophys Quantum El 56, 846–852 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-014-9487-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-014-9487-8